趙莉



內容摘要:《毛澤東悼念柯棣華挽詞》是毛澤東同志于1942年在延安題寫、現藏于印度索拉普爾市柯棣華故居博物館的一件珍貴的近代革命文獻。受戰亂、保存條件、環境等因素的影響,此件挽詞受到不同程度的損害,存在折痕、水漬、污漬、煙熏、皺褶、殘缺、變色和字跡殘缺等病害。作者在遵循中國傳統紙張修復的基本要求和文物保護的基本原則的基礎上,結合修復實踐,按照紙張修復工藝,對挽詞現存的各類病害進行了修復,取得了較好的保護效果;探討了中國傳統紙張修復技術在該館藏文物中的應用,同時提出了有利于挽詞保存的適宜環境條件。
關鍵詞:柯棣華;近代書畫修復;技術創新;修舊如舊
中圖分類號:K854.3 ?文獻標識碼:A ?文章編號:1000-4106(2020)01-0128-05
Abstract: Mao Zedongs Calligraphic Work Mourning Dr. Dwarkanath S. Kotnis, written by Mao Zedong in 1942 in Yanan, is now kept in the house-museum of Dr. Dwarkanath S. Kotnis in Solapur, India. From various factors including wars and conditions of preservation, the work has sustained serious damageand shows several different types of deterioration such as folds, water stains, soot, wrinkles, discoloration, loss of paper and damage to some characters. Based on the essential requirements for restoring Chinese traditional paper and the basic principles for preserving cultural relics, and by combining the technologies for relic restoration and paper restoration, the authorhas restored this relic to a greatly improved condition. This essay mainly discusses the application of Chinese traditional paper restoration technology to the conservation of cultural relics in museum collections and suggests certain environmental conditions as favorable for the preservation of this relic.
Keywords: Dwarkanath S. Kotnis; restoration of modern painting and calligraphy; technical creativity; the principle of restoring to original condition
1 引 言
印度柯棣華大夫是中國人民的老朋友、著名醫生、國際主義戰士,1910年出生于印度孟買, 1938年隨同印度援華醫療隊到中國協助抗日,先后在延安和華北抗日根據地服務,任八路軍醫院外科主治醫生、白求恩國際和平醫院第一任院長。1942年12月9日不幸病逝。毛澤東主席于12月29日親筆為他題寫挽聯:“印度友人柯棣華大夫遠道來華,援助抗日,在延安華北工作五年之久,醫治傷員,積勞病逝,全軍失一臂助,民族失一友人。柯棣華大夫的國際主義精神是我們永遠不應該忘的。”這件珍貴的作品,一直保存在柯棣華大夫的家鄉索拉普爾市柯棣華故居博物館。2016年12月,作者受中國文物保護基金會邀請赴印度索拉普爾市承擔實地修復任務,親眼所見主席親筆題寫的原作,為之震撼。……