不同飼養溫度對草地貪夜蛾過冷卻點和體液冰點的影響

謝殿杰 張蕾 程云霞

摘要 為明確不同溫度條件下草地貪夜蛾耐寒能力的差異，本研究利用過冷卻點儀對不同溫度條件下飼養的草地貪夜蛾各蟲態的過冷卻點和體液冰點進行了測定，并進行了頻次分布分析。結果顯示：在不同溫度（16、20、24、28、32、36℃）條件下飼養的草地貪夜蛾，各蟲態過冷卻點和體液冰點存在顯著差異。其中，3齡幼蟲、6齡幼蟲以及2日齡蛹的過冷卻點和體液冰點均為在16℃下飼養時最低，3齡幼蟲分別為（-13.48±0.53）℃和（-8.97±0.35）℃;6齡幼蟲分別為（-8.94±0.28）℃和（-4.99±0.28）℃;2日齡蛹分別為（-18.09±0.50）℃和（-12.17±0.37）℃。5日齡蛹過冷卻點在16℃飼養時最低，為（-17.76±0.49）℃，體液冰點在32℃和16℃飼養時最低，分別為（-11.72±0.56）℃和 （-11.02±0.39）℃;成蟲過冷卻點在16℃飼養時最低，為（-17.87±0.55）℃，體液冰點在28℃和16℃飼養時最低，分別為（-11.23±0.61）℃和 （-10.98±0.44）℃。本研究結果表明低溫對草地貪夜蛾的耐寒能力具有一定的馴化作用，同時適當的高溫也可以提高草地貪夜蛾的耐寒能力。該研究結果有助于預測草地貪夜蛾在我國的越冬分布區域，對其監測預警及防控具有重要意義。

關鍵詞 草地貪夜蛾; 飼養溫度; 過冷卻點; 體液冰點

中圖分類號： S 435.132 ?文獻標識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019654

Abstract In order to investigate the cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda under different feeding temperatures， the supercooling point and freezing point were measured by the supercooling point meter， and the frequency distribution was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the supercooling and freezing points of each age at different feeding temperatures （16， 20， 24， 28， 32， 36℃）. The supercooling points and freezing points of 3-instar， 6-instar and 2-day-old pupae were the lowest at 16℃， which were （-13.48±0.53）℃ and （-8.97±0.35）℃ for 3-instar， （-8.94±0.28）℃ and （-4.99±0.28）℃ for 6-instar， （-18.09±0.50）℃ and （-12.17±0.37）℃ for 2-day-old pupae， respectively. The supercooling point of 5-day-old pupae was the lowest at 16℃， which was （-17.76±0.49）℃， and the freezing point was the lowest at 32℃ and 16℃， which were （-11.72±0.56）℃ and （-11.02±0.39）℃， respectively. The adult supercooling point was the lowest at 16℃， which was （-17.87±0.55）℃， and the freezing point were the lowest at 28℃ and 16℃， which were （-11.23±0.61）℃ and （-10.98±0.44）℃， respectively. The results of this research indicated that low temperature had a certain role in acclimating the cold tolerance of the S. frugiperda， and the appropriate high temperature could also improve the cold tolerance. The results are helpful to predict the overwintering distribution of S. frugiperda in China， and are of great significance for its monitoring， early warning， prevention and control.

Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; feeding temperature; supercooling points; freezing points

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda （J.E.Smith）屬鱗翅目Lepidoptera，夜蛾科Noctuidae，灰翅夜蛾屬 Spodoptera，也稱秋黏蟲，原產于美洲熱帶和亞熱帶地區[1]。草地貪夜蛾具有寄主范圍廣，為害嚴重，繁殖能力強，適應性強等特點，在中、南美洲可周年發生[2-3]。成蟲具有遷飛習性，在中、南美洲可向南遷飛至阿根廷，向北遷飛至加拿大[4-6]。2016年1月，草地貪夜蛾首次入侵非洲，并迅速蔓延到非洲大部分地區[7]，以及部分亞洲國家[8]。2019年1月草地貪夜蛾首次入侵我國云南，隨后迅速蔓延，截至目前，已經有25個?。ㄊ校┦艿讲莸刎澮苟隇楹9-12]。……