番茄褪綠病毒侵染黃瓜的首次報(bào)道

王天旗 史曉斌 鄭立敏

摘要 番茄褪綠病毒Tomato chlorosis virus（ToCV）是嚴(yán)重危害世界經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的一種病毒，寄主范圍廣泛。田間調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)黃瓜Cucumis sativus表現(xiàn)出葉片黃化、脈間褪綠的疑似番茄褪綠病毒感病癥狀，同時(shí)葉片背面聚集了大量煙粉虱。采用RT-PCR方法對(duì)樣品葉片和煙粉虱進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，ToCV感染率為65%，且發(fā)病葉片上煙粉虱攜帶ToCV。為進(jìn)一步確定黃瓜是否為番茄褪綠病毒的新寄主，室內(nèi)利用農(nóng)桿菌侵染性克隆接種健康黃瓜，結(jié)果顯示：接種30 d的黃瓜新生葉片出現(xiàn)褪綠癥狀。采用ToCV HSP70基因的引物對(duì)田間黃瓜葉片、煙粉虱和室內(nèi)黃瓜新生葉片進(jìn)行RT-PCR，擴(kuò)增出約450 bp的條帶，在NCBI上BLAST顯示與KC887999.1的同源性最高，為99%。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明黃瓜是番茄褪綠病毒的寄主。這是ToCV感染黃瓜的首次報(bào)道。

關(guān)鍵詞 番茄褪綠病毒; 黃瓜; 煙粉虱; RT-PCR

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)： S 436.421 ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019100

Abstract Tomato chlorosis virus （ToCV） causes severe damage to crops worldwide， and it infects a wide range of plant hosts. In a field investigation， we found leaf etiolation， interveinal chlorosis of suspected symptoms of tomato chlorosis virus disease in cucumber （Cucumis sativus）; meanwhile a large number of Bemisia tabaci gathered on the back of cucumber leaves. The leaves and B.tabaci were tested by RT-PCR. The results showed that the ToCV infection rate was 65%， and B.tabaci on the infected leaves carried ToCV. In order to further determine whether cucumber is the new host of tomato chlorosis virus， healthy cucumbers were inoculated with agrobacterium-infected clones indoors. The results showed that chlorosis appeared in new leaves of cucumbers 30 days after inoculation. The primers of ToCV HSP70 gene were used to perform RT-PCR on cucumber leaves， whiteflies and new leaves of indoor cucumber， and a band of 450 bp was amplified. BLAST on NCBI showed the highest homology （99%） with KC887999.1. These data indicate that cucumber is the host of tomato chlorosis virus. This is the first report of ToCV infection in cucumbers.

Key words Tomato chlorosis virus; Cucumis sativus; Bemisia tabaci; RT-PCR

番茄褪綠病毒Tomato chlorosis virus（ToCV）屬于長(zhǎng)線形病毒科Closteroviridae，毛形病毒屬Crinivirus，于1998年在美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州的溫室番茄中首次報(bào)道[1]。自2004年首次在中國(guó)臺(tái)灣發(fā)現(xiàn)以來(lái)，已在北京、山東、天津、海南、湖南和云南等多個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)并迅速蔓延，對(duì)番茄等蔬菜生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失[2-7]。該病毒只能通過(guò)韌皮部侵染的方式，由媒介昆蟲(chóng)以半持久方式傳播，其中以煙粉虱Bemisia tabaci的傳播能力最為高效。感染ToCV的植物一般是從中下部葉片出現(xiàn)癥狀并逐漸向上發(fā)展，中部葉片表現(xiàn)為葉脈間輕微褪綠黃化，底部葉片則出現(xiàn)明顯的葉片褪綠黃化，葉脈深綠，感病葉片變脆且易折，葉片黃化疑似營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺素癥[8]。ToCV可侵染茄科、十字花科、夾竹桃科、藜科和菊科等多科植物[9-11]。……