解淀粉芽胞桿菌B9601-Y2對大白菜軟腐病防治效果研究

崔文艷 何朋杰 楊麗娟

摘要 為了明確解淀粉芽胞桿菌B9601-Y2（Y2）對大白菜軟腐病的防治效果，本研究通過平板對峙和離體生防試驗評估了B9601-Y2對軟腐病的生防潛力，同時采用綠色熒光蛋白標記菌株Y2-gfp，測定其在大白菜植株內的定殖能力，在溫室內研究了B9601-Y2對大白菜軟腐病的防治和增產效果。結果表明，B9601-Y2在LB平板和離體植物組織上均能有效地抑制軟腐病原菌的生長;淋灌Y2-gfp發酵液后，標記菌在大白菜根際、根、莖、葉等組織內的種群數量呈現出“先上升后下降最后趨于平穩”的趨勢，最終穩定在約103cfu/g組織;溫室防效試驗結果表明，移栽生防苗后淋灌Y2菌懸液防治效果最佳，為62.23%，僅移栽生防苗與移栽普通苗后淋灌Y2菌懸液防效分別為28.87%與49.48%，大白菜產量分別增加了146.58%、47.52%及109.37%。研究結果表明解淀粉芽胞桿菌B9601-Y2能夠有效防控大白菜軟腐病。

關鍵詞 軟腐病; 解淀粉芽胞桿菌B9601-Y2; 土傳病害; 漂浮育苗; 生物防治

中圖分類號： S 476 ?文獻標識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019038

Abstract To determine the control effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 （Y2） against Chinese cabbage soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum （Pcc）， it was evaluated by the plate confrontation and biocontrol activity tests in vitro. Its colonization ability was tested in Chinese cabbage by drenching Y2-gfp suspension， a gfp-labeled Y2 strain， and soft rot control and yield recovery effects were also studied in the greenhouse. The results indicated that the growth of Pcc on LB agar plate and in plant tissue in vitro was effectively inhibited by Y2. Y2 population in the rhizosphere， root， stem and leaf of cabbage after drenching showed a trend of rising first， decreasing and then leveling off; finally the colonization density kept at 103cfu/g tissues. Moreover， the control effect of Y2 suspension drenching on Y2-cultured seedlings was 62.23%， while the control effect on Y2-cultured seedlings without Y2 suspension drenching was 28.87% and the control effect of Y2 suspension drenching on the seedlings without Y2-substrate was 49.48%. Meanwhile， the three treatments increased the fresh weight of cabbage by 146.58%， 47.52% and 109.37%， respectively. This study suggested that Y2 could efficiently control soft rot of Chinese cabbage.

Key words soft rot; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2; soil-borne disease; float-seedling; biological control

由果膠桿菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的細菌性軟腐病是大白菜的三大主要病害之一，一般發生在大白菜結球的中后期，造成極大損失[1]。與病毒病和霜霉病相比，軟腐病在大白菜的種植、運輸、儲藏及銷售過程中均會發生[3]。近年來，國內軟腐病發病面積急劇增加，嚴重危害大白菜等重要蔬菜作物的生產。果膠桿菌可隨灌溉用水、大白菜的運輸與貯藏及人類活動而傳播，且對自然環境適應性強，是自然條件下地理分布與寄主范圍最為廣泛的植物病原菌之一[4]。在田間一旦發現明顯的軟腐癥狀后再采取防治措施往往很難取得理想的防治效果。……