生防菌劑多黏類芽胞桿菌對辣椒根際土壤細(xì)菌群落的影響

韓永琴 陳新建 羅路云

摘要 多黏類芽胞桿菌對辣椒疫病有較好的防治效果， 本文重點研究了其對辣椒根際細(xì)菌微生物的影響。收集了109 cfu/g多黏類芽胞桿菌WP、25%嘧菌酯SC、68%精甲霜·錳鋅WG及對照處理后的辣椒根際細(xì)菌， 通過高通量測序分析了根際細(xì)菌種群多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)。多黏類芽胞桿菌處理后的辣椒根際細(xì)菌多樣性最高， 化學(xué)藥劑處理后的辣椒根際細(xì)菌多樣性也均高于對照。通過分析高通量測序結(jié)果， 發(fā)現(xiàn)辣椒根際細(xì)菌包括變形菌門Proteobacteria、奇古菌門Thaumarchaeota、酸桿菌門Acidobacteria、綠彎菌門Chloroflexi、放線菌門Actinobacteria等13個門。變形菌門的豐度在對照（JD）中高達(dá)70.65%， 而在嘧菌酯（JA）、精甲霜·錳鋅（JB）和多黏類芽胞桿菌（JC）的處理中分別降至24.41%、25.64%和34.95%， 但仍然是各處理的優(yōu)勢菌群。在化學(xué)藥劑和多黏類芽胞桿菌的3種處理中酸桿菌門和綠彎菌門菌群的豐度遠(yuǎn)高于對照， 特別是奇古菌門菌在化學(xué)藥劑處理中的豐度極顯著高于多黏類芽胞桿菌和對照處理。經(jīng)多黏類芽胞桿菌處理后發(fā)現(xiàn)芽單胞菌門和芽單胞菌屬遠(yuǎn)高于對照， 分別為7.35%（JC）、0.11%（JD）。研究結(jié)果表明： 施用多黏類芽胞桿菌不僅可以有效防治辣椒疫病， 還可以改變辣椒根際土壤微生物區(qū)系， 提高土壤中細(xì)菌種群的多樣性。

關(guān)鍵詞 辣椒疫病; 多黏類芽胞桿菌; 微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu); 微生物多樣性

中圖分類號： S476 ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018463

Abstract Bacillus polymyxa showed high activity in controlling pepper blight. The effect of the strain on bacterial microbes in the rhizosphere of pepper was studied. The rhizosphere bacteria of pepper treated by B. polymyxa 109 cfu/g WP， azoxystrobin 25% SC， metalaxyl-M· mancozeb 68% WG and the control were collected， and the diversity and community structure of the rhizosphere bacterial population were analyzed by Illumina Miseq sequencing technology. The diversity of rhizosphere bacteria of the pepper treated with B. polymyxa was the highest， and the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria of the pepper treated with chemical agents was also higher than that of the control. The bacterial populations included 13 phyla such as Proteobacteria， Thaumarchaeota， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum. The abundance of Proteobacteria was as high as 70.65% in the control （JD）， but decreased in the treatments of azoxystrobin （JA）， Metalaxyl-M mancozeb WG （JB） and B. polymyxa （JC）， which was 24.41%， 25.64% and 34.95%， respectively. In the three treatments of chemical agent and B. polymyxa， the abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were much higher than that of the control. In particular， the abundance of Thaumarchaeota in the treatment with chemical agent was extremely higher than that with B. polymyxa and the control. After treatment with B. polymyxa， the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was 7.35% higher than that of the control. B. polymyxa as a biological pesticide can improve bacterial species abundance in plant rhizosphere soils and make a great contribution to the prevention of Phytophthora blight.

Key words pepper Phytophthora blight; ?Bacillus polymyxa; microbial community structure; microbial diversity

辣椒疫病是由辣椒疫霉菌Phytophthora capsici引起的土傳性病害[1]， 該病害可造成辣椒成片死亡， 甚至絕收[2-3]。我國是辣椒生產(chǎn)大國[4]， 辣椒疫病的發(fā)生， 嚴(yán)重影響了辣椒的產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)， 制約了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展[5]。……