謝淑娜 郝俊杰 李保葉



摘要 本文以玉米莖腐病人工接種所需的禾谷鐮刀菌Fusarium graminearum和擬輪枝鐮刀菌F.verticillioides為材料,比較了三角瓶、聚乙烯袋和牛皮紙袋內(nèi)用谷物培養(yǎng)基制備接種體的差別。發(fā)現(xiàn)在牛皮紙袋內(nèi)用孢子懸浮液接種玉米粒培養(yǎng)基可高效制備接種體。與三角瓶、聚乙烯袋相比,在牛皮紙袋中制備接種體表現(xiàn)生長點多、透氣性好、菌絲生長快、污染率低、質(zhì)量高、對存放環(huán)境要求不嚴的優(yōu)點。這種方法可以為玉米莖腐病等相似土傳病害的人工接種和病圃建造等提供高質(zhì)量的接種體。
關(guān)鍵詞 接種體; 鐮刀菌; 牛皮紙袋; 玉米莖腐病菌
中圖分類號: S 435.131.4 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019090
Abstract This study aimed at investigating the differences in flask, polyethylene bag and kraft bag to produce Fusarium graminearum inoculum and F.verticillioides inoculum on a corn grain medium in order to artificially inoculate maize and cause stalk rot. It was found that inoculum could be efficiently prepared by inoculating corn kernel medium with spore suspension in kraft paper bag. In comparison with flask and polyethylene bag, the inoculum in kraft bags has the advantages of many growing points, good air permeability, fast growth of mycelium, low pollution rate, high quality and lax storage environment requirements. This method can be used in rapid production of uniform inoculum on grain medium for soil-borne plant pathogen causing diseases.
Key words inoculum; Fusarium; kraft bag; pathogens of maize stalk rot
鐮刀菌Fusarium是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中比較多樣且常見的病原真菌,能造成多種植物的根腐、莖腐和穗腐等;在田間病害循環(huán)中,該類真菌可在土壤、作物殘體、寄主中存活,包括有腐生性存活、孢子擴散傳播和侵染定殖寄主等不同生活階段[1-2];比較常見的傳播途徑有種傳、土傳和氣傳等[3]。鐮刀菌引起的土傳病害是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要病害,如玉米莖腐病,可由禾谷鐮刀菌F.graminearum、層出鐮刀菌F.proliferatum和擬輪枝鐮刀菌F.verticillioides單獨或復合侵染引起[4];由假禾谷鐮刀菌F.pseudograminearum引起的小麥莖腐病是近年來我國小麥生產(chǎn)上的一種重要病害[5],這些病害已成為我國黃淮海區(qū)域糧食作物上的重要土傳病害。
對鐮刀菌引起的土傳病害研究有病原菌鑒定、致病力測定、種質(zhì)資源抗性鑒定、抗性材料創(chuàng)制、抗性基因定位[6]等;選育和種植抗病品種是防控這些病害最經(jīng)濟有效的措施[7],其中有些環(huán)節(jié)需要人工接種鑒定,這就需要接種體的制備。……