趙丹丹 楊龍 黃兆峰


摘要 β-甘露聚糖酶是種子萌發過程中降解胚乳細胞壁的關鍵酶,明確其活性的動態變化可為揭示雜草種子的休眠萌發機制提供重要依據。以外來雜草刺萼龍葵Solanum rostratum Dunal種子為材料,建立了種子中β-甘露聚糖酶活性的檢測方法—凝膠擴散法。利用凝膠擴散法對不同貯存時間及貯存條件下刺萼龍葵種子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性進行了檢測,發現貯存3年以上的種子中該酶的活性為0.03 nmol/(min·mg),顯著低于貯存3年以下的種子中的酶活性0.15 nmol/(min·mg),而濕潤冷藏的種子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性為0.12 nmol/(min·mg),顯著高于干燥冷藏的種子的酶活性0.02 nmol/(min·mg)。實際應用結果表明,凝膠擴散法綜合了傳統方法的優勢,檢測特異性強、靈敏度高、重復性好,可同時檢測大量種子樣品,具有良好的實用性。
關鍵詞 刺萼龍葵; β-甘露聚糖酶; 種子; 凝膠擴散法
中圖分類號: S 451.0 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019027
Abstract Endo-β-mannanase (EBM) is a key enzyme in degradation of endosperm cell walls during seed germination process. Understanding the dynamics of EBM activities will provide important guidance for elucidating the mechanisms of weed seed dormancy and germination. For determination of EBM activity in seeds of an invasive plant, Solanum rostratum Dunal (buffalobur), a gel diffusion assay was established. The EBM activities in buffalobur seeds with different storage time and under different storage conditions were detected by this method. The results showed that the EBM activity in seeds stored longer than 3 years [0.03 nmol/(min·mg)] was significantly lower than that of seeds stored less than 3 years [0.15 nmol/(min·mg)]. Whereas for seeds stored wet in the refrigerator [0.12 nmol/(min·mg)], the EBM activity was significantly higher than that of seeds stored dry in the refrigerator [0.02 nmol/(min·mg)]. The practical application verified that the gel diffusion assay, which took advantages of traditional methods, was a specific, highly sensitive and reproducible method, and could analyze a large number of seed samples simultaneously.
Key words Solanum rostratum; endo-β-mannanase; seed; gel diffusion assay
種子是雜草發生危害的根源和傳播擴散的重要載體,關系到種群的生存和發展[1-2]。種子內通常存在細胞壁加厚的胚乳細胞,可以阻礙胚根突破種皮,其細胞壁的降解是種子萌發的前提。β-甘露聚糖酶是降解胚乳細胞壁主要成分半乳甘露聚糖的關鍵酶,明確其活性的動態變化對揭示雜草種子的萌發調控機理,進而制定有針對性的雜草綜合防控措施具有重要意義。半乳甘露聚糖是大多數種子胚乳細胞壁的主要成分,在茄科植物種子中可達60%[3-4]。研究表明,β-甘露聚糖酶在番茄、萵苣、曼陀羅[5-7]等植物的種子萌發過程中發揮著重要作用,主要水解甘露聚糖主鏈之間的β-1,4共價鍵,側鏈及水解產物可由同工酶α-半乳糖苷酶及β-甘露糖苷酶協同降解[3,8]。……