單植和混植香梨園梨小食心蟲的種群動態

蔣世錚 張文忠 王俊燕

摘要 梨小食心蟲Grapholitha molesta （Busck）是為害‘庫爾勒香梨的主要害蟲。本研究利用性誘劑誘捕器系統調查了不同栽培管理條件、果樹種類和用藥次數下梨小食心蟲各世代的發生動態。結果表明：單植梨園全年成蟲有5個高峰期，混植梨園成蟲有4個高峰期。單植梨園和混植梨園梨小食心蟲種群世代發生量不同，混植梨園中梨小食心蟲種群世代重疊嚴重，發生數量是單植香梨園的4.02倍;單植梨園中管理粗放的河邊梨園梨小食心蟲發生較重，打藥頻繁的母本園發生較輕，梨小食心蟲成蟲第1～第4代峰期延遲8～28 d，屬于遷入為害。研究還表明：在混植梨園中梨小食心蟲產卵有8個高峰，幼蟲孵化期有6個高峰，在世代發展中相鄰峰值疊加，形成成蟲期4個大峰。因此，研究不同栽培管理條件下梨園梨小食心蟲的發生規律有助于對其進行科學的防治。

關鍵詞 梨小食心蟲; 性誘劑; 發生規律; 梨園

中圖分類號： S433.4 ?文獻標識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019062

Abstract Oriental fruit moth， Grapholitha molesta （Busck）， is a major insect pest on Korla pear. The population dynamics of oriental fruit moth in different types of mono- and mix-cultured pear orchards， including different cultural modes， different fruit species and insecticides application frequencies， were investigated using pheromone traps. The results showed that the adults of G. molesta have five and four peak periods per year in mono- and mix-cultured pear orchards， respectively. G. molesta occurred most heavily in the mix-cultured pear orchard with the population quantity 4.02-fold higher than that in the mono-cultured pear orchard， and the generations overlapped seriously. In mono-cultured orchards， G. molesta occurred more seriously in extensive managed orchard in the river side than that in the static tree orchard with frequently pesticides application， and the occurrence peaks delayed for 8-28 d， and the occurrence of G. molesta was due to immigration. In addition， there were eight peaks of oviposition and six hatching peaks in mix-cultured pear orchard， and the neighboring peaks merged together during the development and formed four bigger peaks in adult stage. Therefore， the study of occurrence regularity of G. molesta in different modes of management would be helpful for its scientific control.

Key words Grapholitha molesta; pheromone traps; regularity of outbreak; pear orchard

梨小食心蟲Grapholitha molesta （Busck）簡稱“梨小”，又名桃折心蟲，屬鱗翅目小卷蛾科，是北方果樹上一類常發性害蟲，寄主植物包括桃、蘋果、梨、李、杏、櫻桃、山楂、楊梅等多種果樹。有關該蟲發生規律和防治技術的研究報道較多，但有關其擴散、寄主轉移方面的研究較少，為害機理尚不清楚[1-4]。2010年以來梨小食心蟲在庫爾勒市的‘庫爾勒香梨園持續發生，每年都有一些果園該蟲暴發成災，造成香梨嚴重減產，給果農造成較大的經濟損失[5]。不同果園由于栽培模式、管理方式及防治方法不同，對梨小食心蟲的防治效果差異很大[6-7]?！?br>