烯啶蟲胺對褐飛虱的亞致死效應

程世陽 龔佑輝 王福蓮

摘要 測定了烯啶蟲胺亞致死濃度對處理當代褐飛虱及其子代生物學特性的影響。結果表明：與對照相比，烯啶蟲胺亞致死濃度LC15（0.011 mg/L）處理褐飛虱3齡若蟲，其發育歷期顯著延長，成蟲羽化率顯著下降，單雌產卵量從226.6粒下降到176.4粒，產卵期也顯著縮短;子代的發育歷期比對照組顯著縮短，而子代的產卵量、產卵期和成蟲壽命均與對照組無顯著差異。子代種群數量趨勢指數與對照組也無明顯差異。上述結果表明，烯啶蟲胺亞致死濃度處理對當代褐飛虱生長發育和繁殖產生不利影響，子代發育歷期縮短可能使褐飛虱存在一定的再猖獗風險。

關鍵詞 烯啶蟲胺; 褐飛虱; 亞致死效應; 繁殖力; 生物適合度

中圖分類號： S 435.112.3 ?文獻標識碼： B ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019476

Abstract The effects of sublethal concentration of nitenpyram on performance of the treated generation and the F1 generation of Nilaparvata lugens were assessed. When the 3rd instar nymphs of brown planthopper were exposed to nitenpyram at the LC15 （0.011 mg/L）， nymphal development was significantly prolonged， adult emergence rate was significantly decreased， fecundity per female was significantly decreased from 226.6 to 176.4， and oviposition period was also significantly shortened. In the F1 generation， the nymphal developmental duration was significantly shortened， while fecundity， oviposition period， adult longevity， and population trend index were not significantly affected by the treatment on the parental generation. These results indicate that the sublethal concentration of nitenpyram has adverse effects on growth and development of the treated generation of brown planthopper， but the negative effects are not as pronounced in the offspring （F1） generation. The shorter developmental duration of the F1 generation may pose a possible risk of population resurgence after N. lugens exposure to sublethal concentration of nitenpyram.

Key words nitenpyram; Nilaparvata lugens; sublethal effect; fecundity; biological fitness

褐飛虱Nilaparvata lugens （Stl）是目前為害水稻的重要害蟲之一，遍布于熱帶、亞熱帶和溫帶地區。其主要通過直接刺吸稻莖韌皮部的汁液;和傳播水稻病毒（齒葉矮縮病毒和草狀叢矮病毒）導致水稻減產，嚴重時呈“虱燒”狀[1]。在中國每年發生3～8代，為害單季中、晚稻和雙季早稻較重。2005年-2007年，我國曾連續三年褐飛虱大發生，對水稻生產構成嚴重威脅[2]。現在亞洲地區平均每年由褐飛虱造成的水稻減產約100萬t[3]。

殺蟲劑施于田間后，毒力會隨著時間的推移和環境的改變逐漸遞減，從而形成亞致死劑量[4-5]。當個體暴露在該劑量條件下時，對個體生理和行為上產生的影響稱為亞致死效應[6]。因殺蟲劑種類、劑量高低和其作用對象不同，亞致死效應會對昆蟲的生長發育產生不同影響[7]，如不利于昆蟲生長發育[8-10]，刺激增殖[11-12]，導致害蟲對農藥的耐受性或抗藥性增加[13-14]及害蟲再猖獗[15-16]。……