核型多角體病毒對玉米草地貪夜蛾的控制作用研究

張海波 王風良 陳永明

摘要 草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是嚴重威脅我國玉米生產的入侵害蟲。為科學、有效地防控草地貪夜蛾，本文應用浸卵法和浸葉法，在室內研究了幾種核型多角體病毒Nucleopolyhedrovirus（NPV）對草地貪夜蛾的毒力，并利用噴霧法進行了田間控制作用研究。結果表明，幾種核型多角體病毒浸卵處理10 s對草地貪夜蛾的卵孵化率無明顯影響，但苜蓿銀紋夜蛾NPV浸卵對草地貪夜蛾卵孵化有一定的延遲作用，24、48 h的孵化率分別為12.50%、69.17%，顯著低于對照;核型多角體病毒浸卵對初孵幼蟲的毒力較強，棉鈴蟲NPV、甜菜夜蛾NPV浸卵后初孵幼蟲死亡率最高，分別達92.32%、82.49%;草地貪夜蛾3齡幼蟲取食浸過核棉鈴蟲NPV、甜菜夜蛾NPV的玉米葉片72 h后，其死亡率分別為96.39%、92.82%，甘藍夜蛾NPV對3齡幼蟲也具有較強毒殺作用。同時核型多角體病毒對草地貪夜蛾幼蟲發育有一定抑制作用，3齡幼蟲取食經棉鈴蟲NPV、甜菜夜蛾NPV處理的葉片72 h平均蟲齡分別為3.00齡和3.36齡，顯著低于對照。玉米田噴施甜菜夜蛾NPV、甘藍夜蛾NPV，藥后10 d對草地貪夜蛾的防效分別達到86.03%和82.36%。研究表明，甜菜夜蛾NPV、甘藍夜蛾NPV殺蟲劑對玉米草地貪夜蛾具有較好的防控效果，可以作為其有效防控的生物農藥。

關鍵詞 草地貪夜蛾; 核型多角體病毒; 浸卵法; 浸葉法; 控制作用

中圖分類號： S 476.1 ?文獻標識碼： B ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019647

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest that seriously threatens the safety of corn production in China. For the scientific and effective prevention and control of S. frugiperda， the toxicity of several Nucleopolyhedrovirus （NPV） on S. frugiperda was studied in laboratory using egg immersion and leaf dipping methods. Field control effects were carried out using the spray method. The results showed that the immersion with other Nucleopolyhedrovirus for 10 s had no significant effect on the hatching rate of S. frugiperda eggs， but the immersion with AcMNPV delayed the hatching of S. frugiperda eggs， and the hatching rate of 24 h and 48 h were 12.50% and 69.17%， respectively， which were significantly lower than that of the control. The immersion of eggs with NPVs showed high toxicity to the newly hatched larvae， and mortalities caused by the HaNPV and SeNPV were 92.32% and 82.49%， respectively. When the 3rd instar were fed with corn leaves dipped in HaNPV and SeNPV， the mortalities 72 h post treatment were 96.39% and 92.82%， respectively. The MbNPV also had a strong toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae. At the same time， the NPVs inhibited the development of the larvae of S. frugiperda， the average age of the newly hatched larvae was 3.00 instar and 3.36 instar 72 h post treatment with the HaNPV and SeNPV， which were significantly lower than that of the control. The spray of SeNPV and MbNPV in corn field showed high control effect to S. frugiperda， which were 86.03% and 82.36% 10 day post treatment. The results of this study showed that the SeNPV and MbNPV has good control effect against the S. frugiperda， and can be used as a biological pesticide for effective prevention and control of S. frugiperda.

Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; egg immersion method; leaf dipping method; field control effect

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda （J.E.Smith）俗稱秋黏蟲（英文名 fall armyworm），隸屬鱗翅目 Lepidoptera夜蛾科Noctuidae灰翅夜蛾屬Spodoptera，原產于美洲熱帶亞熱帶地區，2017年被評為全球十大植物害蟲之一[1]。草地貪夜蛾具有寄主范圍廣、繁殖能力強、生活周期短、為害程度重、遷飛擴散快、防控難度大等特點[2-3]，可為害包括玉米、水稻、甘蔗、高粱、小麥等在內的76科353種植物[4-5]。……