短管赤眼蜂和夜蛾黑卵蜂防治草地貪夜蛾田間競爭的初步評價

朱凱輝 周金成 張柱亭

摘要 短管赤眼蜂 Trichogramma pretiosum與夜蛾黑卵蜂 Telenomus remus均為草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda卵期的重要寄生性天敵。為檢驗兩種卵寄生蜂混合釋放條件下的競爭能力，本試驗于田間同時釋放短管赤眼蜂和夜蛾黑卵蜂，統計分析了兩種卵寄生蜂對草地貪夜蛾的寄生效能及種間競爭情況。結果顯示，短管赤眼蜂對釋放的草地貪夜蛾卵塊的卵塊寄生率為52.94%，卵粒寄生率為3.28%;對田間自然卵塊的卵塊寄生率為53.33%，卵粒寄生率為5.80%。夜蛾黑卵蜂對釋放的草地貪夜蛾卵塊的卵塊寄生率為88.23%，卵粒寄生率為9.96%;對田間自然卵塊的卵塊寄生率為100.00%，卵粒寄生率為50.33%。在未進行放蜂處理的對照田中，未出現短管赤眼蜂，夜蛾黑卵蜂的卵塊寄生率為23.57%，卵粒寄生率為7.67%。本研究結果表明，在高溫高濕環境中，夜蛾黑卵蜂在田間競爭中處于優勢。本研究結果將為利用卵寄生蜂防控草地貪夜蛾提供參考。

關鍵詞 短管赤眼蜂; 夜蛾黑卵蜂; 草地貪夜蛾; 田間防效; 生物防治

中圖分類號： S 476.3， S433.4 ?文獻標識碼： B ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019623

Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus are important natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda. In order to test the competitiveness of two species of parasitoids under mixed release conditions， T. pretiosum and T. remus were released simultaneously in the field， and the parasitic efficiency and interspecies competition of T. pretiosum and T. remus were statistically analyzed. The results showed that for T. pretiosum， the parasitic rate to released egg masses was 52.94% and the parasitic rate to eggs was 3.28%; the parasitic rate to natural egg masses in field was 53.33% and the parasitic rate to eggs was 5.80%. For T. remus， the parasitic rate to released egg masses was 88.23% and the parasitic rate to eggs was 9.96%; the parasitic rate to natural egg masses in field was 100.00% and the parasitic rate to eggs was 50.33%. In control field without released parasitoids， T. pretiosum never showed up， and the parasitic rate to released egg masses of T. remus was 23.57% and the parasitic rate to eggs was 7.67%. According to this study， in the environment of high temperature and high humidity， T. remus had an advantage in field competition with T. pretiosum. The results will provide a reference for application of these two parasitoids in the control of S. frugiperda.

Key words Trichogramma pretiosum; Telenomus remus; Spodoptera frugiperda; field control effect; biological control

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda屬鱗翅目Lepidoptera夜蛾科Noctuidae灰翅夜蛾屬，原產于美洲熱帶和亞熱帶地區[1]，具有雜食性、暴食性、遷飛性和繁殖能力強等特點[2-4]。早在2017年，國際農業和生物科學中心（Centre Agriculture Bioscience International，CABI）就在《2017年世界植物現狀》中把草地貪夜蛾列為世界十大植物害蟲之一。該蟲于2019年1月入侵我國云南省江城縣[5]。短短9個月便迅速擴散到25個省份，為害玉米、甘蔗等作物面積超過90萬hm2，已成為威脅我國秋糧生產的頭號害蟲[6-8]。草地貪夜蛾在我國的定殖及周年為害幾成定局，因此需要研究針對該蟲的長期防控措施[9]?！?br>