王勇敢



[摘要] 目的 探討64排螺旋CT低劑量掃描技術診斷肺結節的臨床價值。方法 方便選取該院自2018年1月—2019年1月診治的52例肺部結節患者為觀察對象,采用64排螺旋CT常規劑量(200 mA)與低劑量(40 mA)進行掃描,比較常規劑量和低劑量檢查結果。結果 低劑量CT掃描微結節、小結節、大結節個數、總個數分別為12個、41個、30個、83個,常規劑量CT掃描分別為14個、41個、30個、85個,兩者比較差異無統計學意義(χ2=0.130、0.023、0.013、P=0.718、0.880、0.908)。低劑量與常規劑量下肺部結節分葉征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、鈣化、空洞、支氣管征比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);低劑量CT掃描對結節性質診斷中,肺癌原發灶、肺轉移瘤、結核灶、炎性結節、無法判斷結節個數分別為23個、16個、19個、14個、11個,常規劑量CT掃描分別為24個、17個、20個、14個、10個,兩者比較差異無統計學意義(χ2=0.006、0.014、0.010、0.005,0.085,P=0.940、0.906、0.922、0.945、0.771)。結論 64排螺旋CT進行40 mA低劑量掃描對肺結節檢出率、影像學特征、結節性質診斷與常規劑量相當,而射線劑量顯著低于常規劑量,安全系數更高,有望成為篩查和診斷肺結節的有效手段。
[關鍵詞] 肺結節;64排螺旋CT;低劑量;影像特征;結節性質;診斷
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of 64-slice spiral CT low-dose scanning technology in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Methods Convenient select a total of 52 patients with pulmonary nodules in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as observation objects, and the 64-slice spiral CT conventional dose (200 mA) and low dose (40 mA) were scanned to compare test results of the conventional dose and the low dose. Results The number and total number of micronodules, small nodules, and large nodules in low-dose CT scans were 12, 41, 30, and 83, and conventional dose CT scans were 14, 41, and 30, 85, there is no statistically significant difference between the two (χ2=0.130, 0.023, 0.013, P=0.718, 0.880, 0.908). There was no significant difference between low-dose and regular-dose lung nodule sign, burr sign, vascular bundle sign, pleural depression sign, calcification, cavity, and bronchus sign (P>0.05). In the diagnosis of nodular properties, the number of primary lung cancer, lung metastases, tuberculosis, inflammatory nodules, and nodules that cannot be judged were 23, 16, 19, 14, and 11, respectively. Conventional-dose CT scans were 24, 17, 20, 14, 10, and there was no significant difference between the two(χ2=0.006, 0.014, 0.010, 0.005, 0.085, P=0.940, 0.906, 0.922, 0.945, 0.771). Conclusion The 64-slice spiral CT with 40mA low-dose scan has the same detection rate, imaging characteristics, and nodular diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as conventional doses, but the radiation dose is significantly lower than conventional doses, and the safety factor is higher. It is expected to become a screening and effective means for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
[Key words] Pulmonary nodules; 64-slice spiral CT; Low dose; Imaging characteristics; Nodular properties; Diagnosis
隨著醫學技術的發作,CT掃描技術不斷成熟,在臨床中得到廣泛應用,當前CT掃描已成為肺結節篩查和診斷的重要方法。相關研究顯示,肺癌高危人群每年肺結節發現率達1.3%左右,而結節為惡性的比例高達43%左右[1]。64排螺旋CT具有空間分辨率高、成像質量高的特點,能夠發現微小病變。然而64排螺旋CT常規掃描劑量較大,人們接受度不高,在人群篩查中應用受限[2]。既往研究表明低劑量CT掃描在普通人群健康體檢中亦能夠較好地檢出肺結節[3]。為進一步探討64排螺旋CT低劑量掃描在肺結節檢出、影像學特點、結節性質判斷中的應用價值,該研究方便選取2018年1月—2019年1月52例CT常規掃描證實存在肺結節的患者,進行200 mA常規劑量掃描、40 mA低劑量掃描,并進行比較,現報道如下。