地下混凝土筒倉倉壁力學性能工程試驗與數值分析

金立兵 梁新亞 霍承鼎 王振清 王珍

摘要：地下糧倉可充分利用地下空間，具有較好的防火、防毒、防爆等性能，并能利用淺層地能實現準低溫儲糧，具有節能、低損、保證糧食品質的優點，對保障糧食安全及可持續發展意義重大。采用工程足尺試驗與數值分析相結合的研究方法，對大型地下混凝土筒倉竣工驗收前倉壁的力學性能進行研究，通過對比試驗結果與數值模擬結果，驗證數值分析方法的合理性與有效性，進而對倉壁在最不利荷載工況下的力學性能進行數值分析。結果表明：地下混凝土筒倉倉壁內力的數值模擬結果與試驗結果吻合較好;由于倉壁較厚且與倉底和倉頂間接觸部位剛度較大，導致倉壁內外側徑向應力表現出相反的變化規律;倉壁徑向應力在倉壁底部位置處最高，環向應力在距倉壁頂部約2/3位置處最高;在最不利荷載工況下，倉壁徑向應力和環向應力隨深度表現出與實際工況下相似的變化規律，且相同深度下應力較大。

關鍵詞：地下筒倉;足尺試驗;數值分析;倉壁;力學性能

中圖分類號：TU926 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：20966717（2020）03004006

Abstract：

The underground silos can take full advantages of the underground space， which is of better fireproof， anti-toxicity， explosionproof and other merits. In the meantime， the underground silos can use the shallow geothermal energy to realize quasilow temperature storage. With the advantages of energysaving， lowconsumption and grain qualityensuring， it plays a significant role in ensuring the grain safety and sustainable development of China. The mechanical properties of the silo wall before completion acceptance of large underground concrete silos were studied by the combination of engineering fullscale test and numerical analysis. By comparing the test results with the engineeringscale testing results，， the rationality and effectiveness of the numerical analysis method were verified. Furthermore， the mechanical properties of the silo wall under the most unfavorable load conditions were numerically analyzed. The results show that the internal forces of the numerical simulation results of the silo wall were in good agreement with that of experimental results. Due to the relatively large thickness of the silo wall， and the rigidity of the contact part between the silo wall and the silo bottom and the silo roof， the radial stress on the inside and outside of the silo wall shows the opposite law. The radial stress of the silo wall is highest at the bottom of the silo wall， and the hoop stress is highest at about 2/3 of the position from the top of the silo wall. Under the most unfavorable load conditions， the radial stress and hoop stress of the silo wall show similar changes with the burial depth as in the actual working condition， and the stress is greater at the same depth.

Keywords：underground silo; full scale test; numerical analysis; silo wall; mechanical properties

糧食安全是關系國民經濟發展、社會穩定和國家自立的全局性重大戰略問題。地下糧倉可以利用淺層地能實現糧食準低溫儲藏，具有保證糧食品質、節地、節能、無污染、全壽命周期成本低等突出優點[12]。中國從仰韶文化的原始社會就已經開始應用地下糧倉（窖）進行糧食儲存，在漢、隋、唐、明、清等朝代也均有地下倉窖的遺跡被發現[3]。……