摘要:隨著我國農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展,農(nóng)村飲用水安全問題也日趨突出。本文以浙江省農(nóng)村飲用水為例,首先簡述浙江農(nóng)飲水目前所存在的問題,分析了傳統(tǒng)的水處理技術(shù)已無法完全滿足現(xiàn)階段安全供水需求的現(xiàn)狀。同時(shí)基于國內(nèi)外眾多學(xué)者利用膜分離技術(shù)在農(nóng)村飲用水處理上已取得的研究成果,進(jìn)一步分析了微濾、超濾、納濾、反滲透技術(shù)在處理浙江農(nóng)飲水問題的適用領(lǐng)域及應(yīng)用前景。
關(guān)鍵詞:膜技術(shù);水處理;農(nóng)村飲用水
中圖分類號:X52 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:2095-672X(2020)03-00-02
DOI:10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2020.03.044
Application of membrane separation technology in rural drinking water treatment in Zhejiang
Huang Xiaoyu
(Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of science and technology,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311231,China)
Abstract:With the development of rural urbanization in China,the safety of rural drinking water is becoming increasingly prominent. Taking the rural drinking water in Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper first describes the problems existing in the rural drinking water in Zhejiang Province,and analyzes the current situation that the traditional water treatment technology can not fully meet the demand for safe water supply at this stage.At the same time,based on the research results of many domestic and foreign scholars in rural drinking water treatment using membrane separation technology, the application fields and application prospects of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis technology in the treatment of agricultural drinking water problems in Zhejiang Province are further analyzed.
Key words:Membrane technology;Water treatment;Rural drinking water
水是生命之基、生命之源。隨著我國城市化水平和工業(yè)化水平的不斷提升,水體污染逐漸加劇,飲用水安全問題已成為人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。飲用水的質(zhì)與量,直接關(guān)乎人們的切身利益。浙江省農(nóng)村人口眾多,農(nóng)村飲用水的安全是農(nóng)村居民生活質(zhì)量的一項(xiàng)基本指標(biāo),是脫貧攻堅(jiān)、鄉(xiāng)村振興的重要條件。
1 浙江省農(nóng)飲水存在的問題
(1)水源水易受污染。根據(jù)何錫君[1]等對浙江省75個已建農(nóng)村飲用水工程水質(zhì)狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,結(jié)果表明浙江省農(nóng)村飲用水工程中,受農(nóng)業(yè)面源影響,水源水中有機(jī)污染物含量較高。米瑋潔[2]等對16個浙江飲用水水源地環(huán)境狀況進(jìn)行檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥污染情況較為嚴(yán)重。此外,浙江省部分水源地水體富營養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重,寧波、杭州、溫州、麗水等地水源存在水華暴發(fā)的情況。
(2)供水量不足。在需解決農(nóng)村飲用水達(dá)標(biāo)提標(biāo)的803萬人口中,近95%人口存在水量不足的問題,主要集中在溪流直接取水的單村和部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)供水工程,舟山海島資源性缺水地區(qū),部分已納入城市管網(wǎng)但管徑不足、漏損率較高的供水工程。……