陸雙雙 王大明 宋杰 李莉 張夢(mèng)也 許麗
[摘要] 吞咽障礙在腦血管意外患者中具有較高的發(fā)病率,本文回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),從腦電角度闡述吞咽的病理生理機(jī)制,分析了口腔前期、口腔準(zhǔn)備期、口腔期、咽期及食管期這五個(gè)吞咽分期以及運(yùn)動(dòng)想象任務(wù)下的相關(guān)皮質(zhì)活動(dòng),包括事件相關(guān)電位、運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)皮質(zhì)電位、皮層震蕩以及功能連接腦網(wǎng)絡(luò),旨在利用腦電技術(shù)為理解疾病的病理生理機(jī)制、功能評(píng)估及診斷治療提供一個(gè)新的視角。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 吞咽;腦電;運(yùn)動(dòng)想象;事件相關(guān)電位;運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)皮質(zhì)電位;事件相關(guān)去同步化/同步化;功能連接
[中圖分類號(hào)] R743.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)14-0188-05
[Abstract] Swallowing disorders have a higher incidence in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. This article reviewed domestic and foreign literature, expounded the pathophysiology of swallowing from the perspective of electroencephalogram(EEG), and analyzed the five swallowing stages of pre-oral, oral preparation, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases and related cortical activities under motor imaging tasks, including event-related potentials, motor-related cortical potentials, cortical oscillations, and functionally connected brain networks. This paper aims to use EEG technology to provide a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of disease, functional evaluation and diagnosis and treatment.
[Key words] Swallowing; Electroencephalogram; Motor imaging; Event-related potentials; Motor-related cortical potentials; Event-related desynchronization/synchronization; Functional connectivity
據(jù)國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,35%~85%的腦血管意外患者可出現(xiàn)不同程度的吞咽障礙[1]。充分理解吞咽障礙的病理生理機(jī)制對(duì)制定合適的康復(fù)治療方案及患者的功能康復(fù)有著極大的幫助。以往已有學(xué)者利用MR、CT等技術(shù)從功能影像角度闡述了吞咽相關(guān)機(jī)制,但由于時(shí)間分辨率較低,并不能清楚地識(shí)別吞咽各階段的神經(jīng)活化模式,腦電技術(shù)正彌補(bǔ)了這項(xiàng)不足。腦電圖具有簡(jiǎn)便、低成本,并可床旁操作以及動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),更重要的是其具有毫秒級(jí)別的高時(shí)間分辨率,能夠提供患者大腦皮質(zhì)活動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)演變數(shù)據(jù),因此,腦電技術(shù)對(duì)于由一系列短時(shí)事件組成的吞咽任務(wù)的功能評(píng)估具有較大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
1 概述
吞咽是人類將食物、液體和唾液從口腔傳遞到胃的重要過程,由于完成吞咽任務(wù)涉及多個(gè)中央和外周系統(tǒng),因此被認(rèn)為是最復(fù)雜的消化道感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng)之一。……