何創(chuàng) 王海燕 肖建斌 高巨 閆雪靜



摘要:目的? 探討小窩蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)在內(nèi)毒素(LPS)性肺損傷所致的肺纖維化中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。方法? 選擇健康雄性SD成年大鼠60只,隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組、模型組和干預(yù)組,各20只。對(duì)照組尾靜脈注射生理鹽水2 ml,模型組、干預(yù)組均采用LPS 5 mg/kg以生理鹽水稀釋至2 ml尾靜脈注射,誘導(dǎo)肺損傷纖維化模型,干預(yù)組在給予誘導(dǎo)前經(jīng)尾靜脈先給予TGF-β1抗體2 μg/100 g,給藥后第1、5、14、21天分別處死每組SD大鼠5只,取大鼠肺組織行HE染色觀察病理變化,免疫組化方法檢測肺組織內(nèi)的肺組織膠原蛋白活性(Hpy)、Ⅰ型轉(zhuǎn)移生長因子受體(TβRⅠ)以及Caveolin-1的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果? ①對(duì)照組肺泡結(jié)構(gòu)基本正常,肺泡腔內(nèi)無明顯滲出及炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤;模型組第1天以急性肺泡炎癥為主,第5天時(shí)肺泡炎癥較前有所減輕,第14天時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)肺纖維化,第21天時(shí)出現(xiàn)廣泛肺纖維化;干預(yù)組病理改變與模型組呈同一規(guī)律,但肺泡炎癥和肺纖維化程度輕于模型組;②給藥后第1、5、14、21天,模型組和干預(yù)組Hpy表達(dá)均高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組第5、9、14天低于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);模型組與干預(yù)組肺組織TβRⅠ表達(dá)均高于對(duì)照組,模型組第14、21天高于干預(yù)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);模型組與干預(yù)組血清Caveolin-1水平低于對(duì)照組,且干預(yù)組高于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論? Caveolin-1可減輕內(nèi)毒素性肺損傷的程度,并能抑制纖維化過程,具有一定的肺保護(hù)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:急性肺損傷;肺纖維化;Ⅰ型轉(zhuǎn)移生長因子受體;小窩蛋白-1
中圖分類號(hào):R563.8? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.13.018
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2020)13-0065-04
Caveolin-1 Expression and Clinical Significance in Pulmonary Fibrosis Caused
by Endotoxic Lung Injury
HE Chuang1,WANG Hai-yan1,XIAO Jian-bin1,GAO Ju2,YAN Xue-jing3
(1.Department of Anesthesiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Guangzhou 510120,Guangdong,China;
2.Department of Anesthesiology,North Jiangsu People's Hospital,Yangzhou 225000,Jiangsu,China;
3.Department of Breast Cancer,Guangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital,
Guangzhou 510120,Guangdong,China)
Abstract:Objective? To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Caveolin-1 in pulmonary fibrosis caused by endotoxin (LPS) lung injury.Methods? 60 healthy male male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and intervention group, 20 rats each. The control group was injected with 2 ml of normal saline. The model group and the intervention group were injected with LPS 5 mg/kg diluted with normal saline to 2 ml of the tail vein to induce the lung injury fibrosis model. The intervention group passed the tail vein before induction. TGF-β1 antibody was given 2 μg/100 g, and 5 SD rats in each group were killed on days 1, 5, 14 and 21 after administration. The lung tissues of the rats were taken for HE staining to observe pathological changes and detected by immunohistochemistry Lung tissue collagen activity (Hpy), type Ⅰ transfer growth factor receptor TβRⅠ and Caveolin-1 expression in lung tissue.Results? ①The alveolar structure of the control group was basically normal, and there was no obvious exudation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the alveolar cavity; the model group was dominated by acute alveolar inflammation on the first day, and the alveolar inflammation was lessened on the fifth day than before, and pulmonary fibers began to appear on the 14th day pulmonary fibrosis occurred on the 21st day; the pathological changes of the intervention group were the same as the model group, but the degree of alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis was lighter than that of the model group;②On days 1, 5, 14, and 21 after administration, the Hpy expression of the model group and the intervention group was higher than that of the control group, and the intervention group was lower than that of the model group on days 5, 9, and 14,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the lung tissue TβRⅠexpression of the model group and the intervention group was higher than that of the control group, and the model group was higher than that of the intervention group on days 14 and 21, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Serum Caveolin-1 levels in the model group and the intervention group were lower than the control group, and the intervention group was higher than the model group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion? Caveolin-1 can reduce the degree of endotoxin-induced lung injury, and can inhibit the fibrosis process, and has a certain lung protective effect.
Key words:Acute lung injury;Pulmonary fibrosis;Type Ⅰ metastasis growth factor receptor; Caveolin-1
急性肺損傷(acute lung injury,ALI)是臨床上常見的急危重癥,具有高患病率和高死亡率的特點(diǎn),一般發(fā)病后會(huì)伴有多重病理變化,肺部炎性反應(yīng)失控和肺泡表面活性物質(zhì)驟降,可導(dǎo)致肺水腫以及肺通氣不足,引起二氧化碳蓄積[1]。近年來對(duì)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),位于大多數(shù)細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜上約50~100 nm大小的囊性凹陷結(jié)構(gòu)——小窩(caveolae)是許多信號(hào)分子完成跨膜信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的“驛站”。小窩蛋白(caveolin)是小窩胞漿面包被的一種21~24 kD 的膜蛋白,是多種信號(hào)分子活性狀態(tài)的重要調(diào)節(jié)者。在無胞外信號(hào)刺激下,Caveolin通常與富集于小窩質(zhì)膜上的各種信號(hào)分子、受體及非受體型酪氨酸激酶等相結(jié)合,抑制信號(hào)物質(zhì)的活性;在激動(dòng)劑與受體結(jié)合后,Caveolin分子構(gòu)象發(fā)生變構(gòu)或共價(jià)修飾,調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)物質(zhì)的活化狀態(tài),參與信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)調(diào)控[2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Caveolin-1與Ⅰ型TGF-β1受體(TβRⅠ)及其下游信號(hào)蛋白共域化且能與TβRⅠ相互作用[3],而轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子受體(TβRⅠ)能抑制脂多糖誘導(dǎo)大鼠急性肺損傷,有助于降低炎癥反應(yīng)和肺纖維化[4]。基于此,本研究以SD大鼠作為研究對(duì)象, 探討Caveolin-1與轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子受體對(duì)脂多糖誘導(dǎo)的大鼠急性肺損傷的抑制作用及對(duì)小鼠肺纖維化的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及材料? 2011年1月在廣東省中醫(yī)院大學(xué)城動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)購置SPF級(jí)Sprague-Dawley大鼠60只,體重 180~200 g,雄性,3~5月齡,由廣東省中醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供(動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間為2011年1~4月)。LPS試劑(美國,Sigma公司),DAB顯色試劑盒(博士德生物技術(shù)有限公司),TGF beta 1 抗體和Caveolin-1 抗體均購自美國,Santa公司。
1.2造模? 將SD大鼠按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(C組)、模型組(L組)和干預(yù)組(T組),各20只。大鼠用10%水合氯醛(0.4 ml/100 g)腹腔內(nèi)注射麻醉后,C組經(jīng)尾靜脈給予0.9%生理鹽水 2 ml、L組經(jīng)尾靜脈給予脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg,T組先經(jīng)尾靜脈給予TGF-β1抗體2 μg/100 g,10 min后再經(jīng)尾靜脈給予脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg,生理鹽水稀釋至2 ml。
1.3標(biāo)本采集? 分別于造模后第1、5、14、21天隨機(jī)處死對(duì)照組、模型組、干預(yù)組SD大鼠各5只,水合氯醛麻醉,手術(shù)刀片剖開腹腔,鈍性分離臟器尋找腹主動(dòng)脈。采集動(dòng)脈血3~6 ml肝素抗凝,3500 r/min離心10 min,取上清血漿-70 ℃凍存保存待測;切開胸腔,分離肺,取右肺上葉于10%多聚甲醛中固定,石蠟包埋待測,取右肺中、下葉于-70 ℃冰凍保存制備肺組織勻漿,取左肺葉組織作濕干重比測量。
1.4肺纖維化程度判斷? 取右肺中下葉組織,用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)測定肺組織中羥脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hpy)活性,以反映肺組織中膠原蛋白活性、纖維化程度。
1.5免疫組織化學(xué)分析? 采用SABC法檢測大鼠肺組織TβRⅠ和Caveolin-1,具體操作參照說明書進(jìn)行。磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBs)代替一抗作為陰性對(duì)照,染色陽性為棕黃色顆粒。免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果在高倍視野下,每張玻片隨機(jī)取5個(gè)視野,用PIPS-2020高清晰度彩色病理圖文分析系統(tǒng)分別測定陽性顆粒的平均吸光度值(A值)。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析? 實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,多組間比較用單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),兩兩比較用最小顯著差異法(LSD法),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1三組肺組織病理結(jié)果比較? 對(duì)照組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)肺泡結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整,肺泡腔內(nèi)無明顯滲出及炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤;模型組第1天時(shí)以急性肺泡炎癥為主,第5天時(shí)肺泡炎癥較前有所減輕,第14天時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)肺纖維化。第21天時(shí)出現(xiàn)廣泛肺纖維化,干預(yù)組病理改變與模型組呈同一規(guī)律,但肺泡炎癥和肺纖維化程度輕于模型組,見圖1A、圖1B。
2.2三組肺組織Hpy水平比較? 給藥后第1、5、14、21天,模型組和干預(yù)組Hpy表達(dá)均高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組第5、9、14天低于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3三組肺組織TβRⅠ表達(dá)比較? 給藥后第1、5、14、21天,模型組與干預(yù)組肺組織TβRⅠ表達(dá)均高于對(duì)照組,且模型組第14、21天高于干預(yù)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.4三組肺組織Caveolin-1表達(dá)比較? 給藥后第1、5、14、21天,模型組與干預(yù)組血清Caveolin-1水平均低于對(duì)照組,且給藥后第5、14、21天干預(yù)組高于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3討論
急性肺損傷是臨床上最常見的疾病之一,主要由于機(jī)體受嚴(yán)重的感染、休克、創(chuàng)傷等原因?qū)е路谓M織發(fā)生病理變化,引起肺部發(fā)生彌漫性滲出、難以糾正的低氧血癥等,具有患病率高、病死率高等特點(diǎn),發(fā)病早期如果干預(yù)不當(dāng)或者不及時(shí)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致急性呼吸窘迫綜合征、多器官功能障礙綜合征。LPS是內(nèi)毒素的主要成分,為革蘭陰性菌致ALI的主要致病物質(zhì),在ALI的體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中常作為致傷劑建立ALI動(dòng)物模型。為了更深入地研究ALI,本研究應(yīng)用LPS致大鼠ALI,觀察內(nèi)毒素性急性肺損傷大鼠肺組織中Caveolin-1的變化。