張心明 楊海燕 周麗花

摘要? ? 為探索25 g/L氯氟吡啶酯乳油在推薦劑量下,防除直播水稻田雜草效果、殺草譜、安全性及施藥技術等指標,采取莖葉噴霧施藥、定期調查的方法進行田間藥效試驗。結果表明,氯氟吡啶酯殺草譜主要包括禾本科雜草、闊葉雜草及莎草科雜草,但對千金子無效;施藥時間為直播水稻四至六葉期,推薦劑量為15~30 g/hm2,施藥后25 d對闊葉雜草綜合防除效果達100%,與氰氟草酯混合使用,對千金子防效更好。建議在直播稻四至六葉期,25 g/L氯氟吡啶酯乳油22.5~30.0 g/hm2+100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油100~150 g/hm2混合噴施可以有效防除直播稻田雜草危害,且對水稻生長安全。
關鍵詞? ? 氯氟吡啶酯;直播稻;雜草;安全性;推薦劑量
中圖分類號? ? S451.2? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A
文章編號? ?1007-5739(2020)14-0086-02
Abstract? ? In order to explore the indexes of 25 g/L florpyrauxifen EC at recommended dose in direct seeding rice field such as weed control effect, herbicidal spectrum, safety and application technology, this experiment was carried out by means of stems-leaves spray and regular survey. The results showed that the herbicidal spectrum of florpyrauxifen included grass weed, broad-leave and sedge weed, but it was ineffective to Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Ness; the suitable application time was at 4-6 leaf stage of direct seeding rice, the recommended dose was 15-30 g/hm2, the comprehensive control effect on broad-leave weed reached 100% after 25 days, the control effect was better with cyhalofop-butyl in combination. It was recommended that at the 4-6 leaf stage of direct seeding rice, 25 g/L florpyrauxifen EC 22.5-30.0 g/hm2 mixed with 10% cyhalofop-butyl EC 100-150 g/hm2 could effectively control weeds in direct seeding rice field, it was safe on rice growth in recommended dose.
Key words? ? florpyrauxifen; direct seeding rice; weed; safety; recommended dose
稻田雜草已經成為水稻高產的主要障礙之一,尤其是近幾年耕作栽培制度的變化,秸稈全量還田技術及省工節本的直播稻技術的全面推廣,導致直播稻田雜草自然發生數量大、發生密度逐年升高,出草量最高達到1 000株/m2。干濕交替田間管理模式使水生雜草及旱生雜草并存,雜草種類及群落組成日益復雜[1-2],雜草已經成為影響水稻減產的最大影響因素。長期以來,稻田雜草防除主要依靠化學除草劑,為我國水稻的高產、穩產起到了主要保障作用,稻田化學除草劑的市場份額逐年增加,除草劑使用區域、范圍逐漸擴大。目前,我國登記的稻田除草劑品種較多,主要分為土壤封閉劑和莖葉處理劑,包括以丙草胺、丁草胺、噁草酮、吡嘧磺隆、苯達松、二甲四氯、二氯喹啉酸、氰氟草酯、五氟磺草胺等為有效成分的單劑和復配劑,不同復配劑的防治效果和殺草譜各有不同[3-5]。……