趙惠忠 吳天浩 王朝陽(yáng) 李倩文 張敏



摘要:為提供一種船用淡水問(wèn)題的潛在解決方案,本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用13X、3A和5A型等3種不同沸石分子篩吸附劑吸附空氣中的水蒸氣,并利用太陽(yáng)能獲取液態(tài)淡水供船舶使用。通過(guò)對(duì)制作的太陽(yáng)能取水管(solar watering tube,SWT)性能測(cè)試可得出以下結(jié)論:在全日輻射量為20.1 MJ/m2和16.7 MJ/m2時(shí),13X、3A和5A型吸附劑吸附床溫度最高分別為178.2 ℃、180.1 ℃和217.7 ℃,均達(dá)到脫附溫度要求。在自然對(duì)流風(fēng)冷式冷凝器中,13X、3A和5A型SWT最高冷凝溫度分別為27.8 ℃、33.2 ℃和31.9 ℃,均滿足冷凝要求;3種吸附劑制備的SWT利用太陽(yáng)能吸附法可分別從空氣中取淡水57.8 g、39.2 g和44.0 g,有潛在的解決船用淡水的前景。
關(guān)鍵詞: 太陽(yáng)能取水管(SWT); 分子篩吸附劑; 全日輻射量; 取水量
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): U664.5+9;TK519 ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
Experimental study of performance test for solar watering
tube used in ships
ZHAO Huizhong1, WU Tianhao1, WANG Zhaoyang1, LI Qianwen1, ZHANG Min2
(1. Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: In order to provide a potential solution to the problem of ship fresh water, this experiment uses three different zeolite adsorbents, 13X, 3A and 5A, to absorb water vapor in the air, and uses solar energy to obtain liquid fresh water for ship use. These following conclusions can be drawn by testing the performance of the solar watering tube (SWT): under the conditions of the full-day radiation being 20.1 MJ/m2 and 16.7 MJ/m2, the maximum temperatures of the adsorption beds of 13X, 3A and 5A adsorbents are 178.2 ℃, 180.1 ℃ and 217.7 ℃, respectively, which meet the desorption temperature requirements. In the natural convection air-cooled condenser, the highest condensation temperatures of 13X, 3A and 5A SWTs are 27.8 ℃, 33.2 ℃ and 31.9 ℃, respectively, which meet the condensation requirements; fresh water 57.8 g, 39.2 g and 44.0 g can be obtained from air by SWTs with three different adsorbents, which has the potential to solve the problem of ship fresh water.
Key words: solar watering tube (SWT); zeolite adsorbent; full-day radiation; water-obtained quantity
0 引 言
船舶在航行過(guò)程中,通常無(wú)法由自然界直接獲得淡水,因此船舶的淡水獲取是船舶航行需要解決的非常重要的問(wèn)題之一。船舶取水方式目前主要有以下幾種:利用船舶余熱取水、利用太陽(yáng)能蒸餾取水、利用滲透膜進(jìn)行海水淡化取水。許紅[1]在蒸餾海水技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了一種適用于中小型船舶的海水淡化裝置,利用柴油機(jī)余熱蒸發(fā)海水并使其冷凝,獲得淡水蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器的有效傳熱面積分別為2.42 m2和0.566 m2;鄭青榕等[2]利用船舶余熱驅(qū)動(dòng)以硅膠為吸附劑的吸附式取水系統(tǒng),得出在典型航線上大氣的平均相對(duì)濕度均大于70%,船舶的晃動(dòng)和振動(dòng)不影響硅膠及其與氯化鈣的復(fù)合吸附劑吸附性能的結(jié)論;裴曉斌[3]設(shè)計(jì)了船舶低溫單效蒸餾海……