礦業活動對銻礦區土壤的重金屬污染特征及生態風險影響

黃中杰 鄧仁健 周賽軍 汪建群

摘要：為了評價礦業活動和生態修復措施對銻礦區土壤的重金屬污染影響，調查了錫礦山銻礦區冶煉區、公路沿線區、采礦區及尾礦區中不同用地性質土壤中Sb、As、Pb及Cd等重金屬含量，并用地累積指數法和潛在生態風險指數法對污染程度、潛在生態風險進行了評價。結果表明：銻礦區土壤樣品中Sb、As、Pb及Cd的平均含量分別為3619.38、82.20、244.28、30.84 mg/kg，重金屬復合污染嚴重;地累積指數法及潛在生態風險指數法評價表明，銻礦區Sb和Cd污染嚴重，As、Pb有輕度到中度污染，綜合來看，具有極強的生態風險，其中，Sb和Cd是最主要的污染因子。冶煉、開采、運輸和堆放等礦業活動使各區域土壤的重金屬濃度呈顯著區域特征;廢礦渣土壤、荒地、林地、底泥、生態修復草地和菜地等土壤樣品中的重金屬Sb含量依次減小，植物生態修復方法是治理土壤銻污染的一種有效手段。

關鍵詞：銻礦區;重金屬;土壤污染;區域特征;生態風險

中圖分類號：X53 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：20966717（2020）04019409

收稿日期：20191228

基金項目：國家自然科學基金（41672350）;湖南省教育廳資助科研項目（18A184）;中國博士后科學基金（2018M632961）

作者簡介：黃中杰（1996 ），男，主要從事重金屬廢水處理研究，Email：894900170@qq.com。

鄧仁健（通信作者），男，博士，副教授，Email：deng800912@163.com。

Received：20191228

Foundation items：National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41672350）; Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department （No. 18A184）; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2018M632961）

Author brief：Huang Zhongjie （1996 ）， main research interest： heavy metal wastewater treatment， Email： 894900170@qq.com.

Deng Renjian （corresponding author）， PhD， associate professor， Email： deng800912@163.com.

Effects of mining activities on soil heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risks in antimony mining areas

Huang Zhongjie， Deng Renjian， Zhou Saijun， Wang Jianqun

（School of Civil Engineering， Hunan University of Science and Technology， Xiangtan 411201， Hunan， P.R. China）

Abstract： In order to evaluate the impact of mining activities and ecological restoration measures on soil heavy metal pollution in antimony mining areas， the pollution status and regional characteristics of Sb， As， Pb and Cd in soils of different land properties among smelting area， road nearby ore， mining area and ore tailing area of antimony mine area in Xikuangshan， Hunan were studied， in addition， the ground accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate pollution and ecological risk. It was found that the average contents of Sb， As， Pb and Cd in soil samples in the study area were 3 619.38 mg/kg， 82.20 mg/kg， 244.28 mg/kg and 30.84 mg/kg respectively， and heavy metal compound pollution were serious， the accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method indicate that Sb and Cd pollution in antimony ore area is serious， As， Pb has mild to moderate pollution， comprehensive has a strong ecological risk， among which Sb and Cd are the most important pollution factors. Significant regional characteristics was showed by the heavy metal concentration in soils among each areas because of mining activities such as smelting， mining， transportation and stacking; the content of Sb in soil samples decreased successively in residuefield， wasteland， forestland， sediment， grassland and vegetablefield， which indicated that the method of grassland ecological restoration was an effective method to control soil antimony pollution.

Keywords：antimony mining area; heavy metal; soil pollution; regional characteristics; ecological risk

銻及其化合物對生物具有慢性毒性及致癌性[1]，被多個國家列為重點控制污染物[2]。每年約有3.8×104 ?t的銻因采礦、選礦、冶煉等各種工業活動被釋放到環境中[3]，且銻往往與Pb、As、Cd等伴生[4]。因此，“人為源”引起的復合重金屬銻污染引起了廣泛關注[56]。湖南錫礦山（XKS）銻礦區具有全球最大的銻儲量和開采量，上百年持續的礦業活動使該礦區土壤受到嚴重的污染[4]，該礦區土壤重金屬污染程度和生態風險備受關注。……