宣青檀
【詞語精講】
1. sheep n. 羊;綿羊
sheep用作名詞,其原義為“羊;綿羊”,比喻義為“膽小鬼”,是可數(shù)名詞,單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如:
There are three sheep eating grass under the tree. 樹下有三只羊在吃草。
A goat is difficult from a sheep. 山羊和綿羊不同。
The sheep always say they are careful. 膽小鬼往往自稱細(xì)心。
【拓展】 black sheep意為“害群之馬;敗類;不肖之子”。如:
He's the black sheep of the family. 他是這個家族中的敗類。
2. as prep. & adv. 作為;當(dāng)作
as用作介詞時,意為“作為;當(dāng)作;以……身份;像……一樣”。如:
She works as a secretary in that company. 她在該公司擔(dān)任秘書。
The old woman was dressed as a young lady. 這位老婦人打扮得像一位年輕女士。
3. camp v. 扎營;搭帳篷
(1) camp用作動詞時,意為“扎營;搭帳篷”,它的過去式為camped。其固定搭配為:go camping去露營。go 后接動名詞形式,表示“去做……”。類似的短語還有:go shopping 去購物;go swimming 去游泳;go hiking 去徒步旅行等。如:
The hunters camped in the valley. 獵人們在山谷中扎營。
I went shopping with my mother yesterday. 我昨天和媽媽去購物了。
(2) camp用作名詞,意為“露營”。如:
We're going to have a sports camp in the countryside during the summer vacation. 暑假期間我們要在鄉(xiāng)下搞一次運動營。
4. stay up late 深夜不睡;熬夜
When I am with you, we stay up late all night. 當(dāng)我和你一起時,我們整夜醒著。
You won't stay up late, will you? 你不會熬夜,對嗎?
【拓展】 stay away (from)意為“離開;缺席;不在;外出”;stay at意為“暫住在……,投宿在……”;stay in意為“在家里;不外出”。如:
Why did you stay away from school? 你為什么不上學(xué)?
They usually stay at home on Sunday. 他們星期天通常呆在家里。
5. run away 跑開
run away意為“跑開;逃跑;走掉;逃脫”。如:
She hit the boy and he ran away. 她打了那個小男孩,那小男孩就跑了。
The horse became frightened and ran away. 那匹馬受驚跑掉了。
【拓展】 run away from意為“逃離……”。如:
He tried to run away from school. 他試圖逃學(xué)。
Mary has run away from home, but her family are putting a good face on it. 瑪麗已經(jīng)離家出走,但她的家里人卻裝作若無其事。
6. shout at & shout to
shout at意為“沖……大聲叫嚷”,多指因為生氣等而非善意地對某人吼叫;shout to意為“對……大聲喊叫”,多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊(否則對方無法聽見),不帶生氣等感情因素。如:
He shouted at his son. 他對他兒子大吼大叫。( 意在訓(xùn)斥某人)
He shouted to his son. 他朝他兒子大聲喊。 (無訓(xùn)斥某人之意)
7. put up 搭起;舉起
put up指“搭起;建造”時,多指臨時搭建。如:
Put up your hands if you know the answer. 假如你知道答案,請舉手。