妊娠糖尿病患者中行心理護(hù)理結(jié)合孕期飲食、運(yùn)動干預(yù)的研究

黃麟稀

[摘要] 目的 探討妊娠糖尿病患者的臨床護(hù)理中應(yīng)用心理護(hù)理結(jié)合專科模式的臨床價值。方法 對該院2017年10月—2019年10月內(nèi)接收的50例妊娠糖尿病患者對照組（26例，常規(guī)護(hù)理）和觀察組（24例，心理護(hù)理結(jié)合專科干預(yù)）;觀察護(hù)理前后焦慮抑郁情緒、血糖血脂水平改善情況以及妊娠結(jié)局。結(jié)果 ①護(hù)理后觀察組焦慮、抑郁情緒各項(xiàng)評分較低，血糖、血脂水平改善幅度較大，差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。②觀察組陰道分娩率高達(dá)87.5%，并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率僅為4.2%，對照組分別為61.5%、26.9%;觀察組產(chǎn)后出血量較低，新生兒較健康，差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 對妊娠糖尿病患者實(shí)施護(hù)理干預(yù)，建議以常規(guī)護(hù)理為根本，而后聯(lián)合心理護(hù)理結(jié)合專科干預(yù)模式，在改善患者心理狀態(tài)、降低血糖血脂水平、提高陰道分娩率、降低并發(fā)癥方面有顯著優(yōu)勢。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 妊娠糖尿病;心理護(hù)理結(jié)合專科干預(yù);妊娠對局;焦慮抑郁

[中圖分類號] R47? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1672-4062（2020）10（a）-0032-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of applying psychological nursing combined with specialist model in clinical nursing of patients with gestational diabetes. Methods The control group （26 cases， routine nursing） and observation group （24 cases， psychological nursing combined with specialist intervention） of 50 gestational diabetes patients accepted in the hospital from October 2017 to October 2019; observation of anxiety and depression before and after nursing Improvement of mood， blood sugar and blood lipid levels， and pregnancy outcome. Results 1.The scores of anxiety and depression in the observation group after nursing were lower， and the improvement of blood glucose and blood lipid levels was greater， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. 2.The vaginal delivery rate in the observation group was as high as 87.5%， and the complication rate was only 4.2%， compared to 61.5% and 26.9% in the control group. Postpartum hemorrhage was lower in the observation group， and the newborns were healthy， the difference was statistically significan（P<0.05）. Conclusion Carrying out nursing intervention for patients with gestational diabetes， it is recommended to take routine nursing as the basis， and then combine psychological nursing with specialized intervention mode， which has significant advantages in improving the mental state of patients， reducing blood glucose and blood lipid levels， increasing the rate of vaginal delivery， and reducing complications.

[Key words] Gestaional diabetes; Psychological nursing combined with specialist model; Pregnancy outcome; Anxiety and depression

妊娠糖尿病（GDM）屬于典型且常見的妊娠并發(fā)癥，該病會對母嬰產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重危害，部分患者在生產(chǎn)結(jié)束后糖代謝水平會恢復(fù)正常，但也有部分患者產(chǎn)后會罹患2型糖尿病。而對GDM患者采取科學(xué)、有效、積極的干預(yù)措施，不僅可控制血糖水平，還能改善妊娠結(jié)局。經(jīng)臨床研究不斷深入，現(xiàn)已明確了GDM誘發(fā)因素，主要與孕期營養(yǎng)過剩、運(yùn)動少等因素密切相關(guān)，因此需要在常規(guī)干預(yù)的基礎(chǔ)上還要強(qiáng)化飲食與運(yùn)動干預(yù)[1]。此外，通過調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)患者對自身疾病認(rèn)知不足，在孕期存在焦慮抑郁等情緒，在以上情緒的作用下，致使患者心理情緒變化幅度較大，對臨床干預(yù)措施的實(shí)施產(chǎn)生直接影響。基于此，為進(jìn)一步明確在妊娠糖尿病患者的臨床護(hù)理中應(yīng)用心理護(hù)理結(jié)合專科模式的臨床價值，特于2017年10月—2019年10月選取該院50例患者進(jìn)行此次研究，現(xiàn)報道如下。

1? 資料與方法

1.1? 一般資料