石振宇
摘?要:陽泉市郊區(qū)是較為理想的果品生產(chǎn)區(qū)域,全區(qū)栽植各類果樹面積0.13萬hm2,其中蘋果樹面積為0.09萬hm2,主要栽植品種有:中熟品種元帥系列,嘎拉系列,美國8號等0.04萬hm2,晚熟品種富士系列,國光等0.05萬hm2。為保障果樹的連年穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn),必須根據(jù)蘋果樹各個(gè)生長時(shí)期的需肥規(guī)律,及時(shí)施肥補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)。筆者根據(jù)多年生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐總結(jié)出蘋果樹從施肥依據(jù)與原則、施肥時(shí)期、種類與方式、施肥量、施肥注意事項(xiàng)幾個(gè)方面介紹了陽泉市郊區(qū)山地果園蘋果樹施肥技術(shù)。以期為科研與生產(chǎn)提供一定的理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。
關(guān)鍵詞:陽泉;山地果園;蘋果樹;施肥技術(shù)
文章編號:1005-345X(2020)03-0033-03?中圖分類號:S606+.2?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
Abstract:The suburb of yangquan city is an ideal fruit production area. The area of all kinds of fruit trees planted in the region is 13 000 hm2, of which the apple tree area is 0.090 00 hm2. The main planting varieties are:medium-ripe variety marshal series, gala series, USA no. 8, etc. 0.04 million hm2, the late varieties Fuji series, guoguang, etc., 0.05 million hm2. In order to ensure the steady and high yield of fruit trees, it is necessary to timely fertilize and supplement nutrition according to the law of fertilizer demand of apple trees in each growing period. Based on years of production practice, the author summarized the fertilization technology of apple trees from the aspects of fertilization basis and principle, fertilization period, species and method, fertilizer application amount and matters needing attention. In order to provide certain theoretical basis and technical guidance for scientific research and production.
Keywords:Yangquan; Mountain orchards; The apple trees; Fertilization technology
陽泉市郊區(qū)地處太行山山區(qū),蘋果樹種植地塊大多是山地梯田,土壤為偏堿性的綿壚土、黃壚土和黑黃壚土,土地結(jié)構(gòu)較好,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高,平均海拔900~1 100 m,光照充足,晝夜溫差較大,年降雨量大約為500~700 mm,且相對集中在7-9月份,栽植蘋果樹果實(shí)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)積累較多,果品品質(zhì)好,是較為理想的果品生產(chǎn)區(qū)域。根據(jù)多年的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)?shù)卮蠖鄶?shù)果農(nóng)對蘋果樹的管理習(xí)慣,只注重蘋果樹的修剪和病蟲害防治工作,不重視蘋果樹的土地施肥等綜合管理措施的應(yīng)用工作,導(dǎo)致蘋果樹樹形修剪越剪越小,果品品質(zhì)逐步變差,甚至失去食用價(jià)值,果品產(chǎn)量逐漸減少等不利因素。只有科學(xué)的增加蘋果樹樹體營養(yǎng)的管理工作,根據(jù)蘋果樹的生長特性,以及蘋果樹是多年生經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種,栽植地點(diǎn)固定不變,每年從土壤中吸收蘋果樹正常生長所需要的大量營養(yǎng)元素及微量元素的特點(diǎn)。……