2型糖尿病并發癥流行病學調查及危險因素

龍丹鳳 徐志偉 王小芳

摘要：目的 ?分析廣西梧州市某院2型糖尿病并發癥及相關危險因素。方法 ?選擇2017～2018年某院2型糖尿病患者1412例為研究對象，收集患者臨床資料，分析2型糖尿病并發癥及相關危險因素。結果 ?2型糖尿病并發癥總發生率為74.74%，5年以上糖尿病史的并發癥發生率為78.52%，梧州地區的2型糖尿病性眼病、腎病的發生率最高;廣東地區2型糖尿病性神經病、冠心病的發生率最高;非兩廣地區的2型糖尿病性高血壓、腦血管病的發生率最高。其中體質指數、餐后2 h血糖水平是2型糖尿病并發癥的獨立危險因素。結論 ?某院2型糖尿病并發癥總患病率超過全國平均水平，各并發癥發生率部分超過全國平均水平。而患者的體質指數、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖尿病病程等因素與并發癥的發生密切相關，因此早診斷、早治療、控制體重、大力開展肥胖患者的餐后血糖測試等相關措施可以減少糖尿病并發癥的發生及進展。

關鍵詞：2型糖尿病;糖尿病并發癥;流行病學;危險因素

中圖分類號：R587.1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.21.039

文章編號：1006-1959（2020）21-0128-03

Abstract：Objective ?To analyze the complications and related risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a hospital in Wuzhou， Guangxi.Methods ?1412 Patients with type 2 diabetes in a hospital from 2017 to 2018 were selected as the research objects， clinical data of the patients were collected， and complications of type 2 diabetes and related risk factors were analyzed.Results ?The total incidence of complications of type 2 diabetes was 74.74%， and the incidence of complications with a history of diabetes over 5 years was 78.52%.Wuzhou has the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic eye disease and nephropathy; Guangdong has the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic neuropathy and coronary heart disease; non-Guangdong and Guangxi regions have the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Among them， body mass index and blood glucose level 2 h after a meal are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes complications.Conclusion ?The total prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications in a hospital exceeded the national average， and the incidence of each complication partially exceeds the national average. The patient's body mass index， blood glucose level 2 hafter a meal， diabetes course and other factors were closely related to the occurrence of complications. Therefore， early diagnosis， early treatment， weight control， and vigorously carrying out postprandial blood glucose testing for obese patients could reduce diabetes. The occurrence and progression of complications.

Key words：Type 2 diabetes;Complications of diabetes;Epidemiology;Risk factors

隨著城市化的發展和人口老齡化，目前我國糖尿病患者已高達9240萬，還有1.482億成人處于糖調節受損期。據此推算，梧州地區總人口約305萬，約有糖尿病患者20萬。2013版《中國2型糖尿病防治指南》中指出，2型糖尿病在我國20歲以上人群中的發病率高達9.7%[1]。若患者的血糖水平長期處于較高的水平，可導致糖尿病足病、糖尿病周圍神經病變、糖尿病腎病、糖尿病性視網膜病變等多種并發癥[2]。為了更好地了解本地區住院2型糖尿病并發癥流行病學現狀，本研究對梧州市人民醫院2017～2018年2型糖尿病住院患者進行了調查，以期為制定符合本地情況的糖尿病治療指南提供流行病學依據。