景春華
摘 要:油梨自1918年首次引入我國臺灣,至今已過百年,在長期的生產實踐和科研人員的不懈努力下,在油梨品種選育、繁殖技術、栽培技術等方面都取得了一系列的成果。文章僅從繁育技術、園地選擇與定植、水肥管理、病蟲害防治、果實套袋、整形修剪等方面闡述和總結了國內外的研究進展,針對科研及生產現狀,對油梨生產發(fā)展和科研提出今后的展望。
關鍵詞:胚接;外植體;培養(yǎng)基;水脅迫;光合速率
文章編號:2096-8108(2020)02-0048-04中圖分類號:S667.1文獻標識碼:A
Research Progress on Propagation and Cultivation Technique of Avocado
JING Chunhua
(Forestry Research Institute of Nanyang City, Henan Nanyang? 473000,China)
Abstract:It has been one hundred years since avocado was first introduced into Taiwan in 1918.Under the long-term production practice and the efforts of scientific researchers, a series of achievements have been made such as cultivars selection, breeding techniques and cultivation. The research progress at domestic and foreign from the aspects of breeding techniques, garden selection and planting, water and fertilizer management, pest control, fruit bagging and pruning are expounded. According to the present situation of scientific research and production, the future prospect of production and research of avocado pear is put forward.
Keywords:Plumule grafting;Explant;Culture medium;Control water;Photosynthetic rate
油梨分布于熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)的著名果樹。油梨富含各種營養(yǎng)成分,包括脂肪、蛋白質、碳水化合物、灰分和維生素,脂肪78%為不飽和脂肪酸,在人體吸收率達3.7%;灰分中鐵元素含量高,在預防和治療貧血方面,是一種上佳的果品[1-2]。油梨解放后開始較大規(guī)模在南方試種并建立品比試驗。在長期的生產實踐中,我國逐漸選育出了桂研10號、桂墾大3號、桂墾大2號等品種,在南方地區(qū)大面積推廣,事實證明,油梨適合在我國熱帶、南亞熱帶的丘陵山區(qū)生長。[2-3]。
1 繁育技術
1.1 實生繁殖
選擇既平坦又利于排水處設立催芽床,上鋪河沙厚度20 cm以上,寬度80~100 cm,畦間以磚塊分隔,便于管理[4]。種子播前先行消毒、催芽后,按10 cm×15 cm的株行距淺播于芽床,上覆3 cm厚河沙,淋透水后在芽床上覆蓋一層透明農膜保溫保濕,芽尖破土之前,如果沙床干燥,可隨時揭去農膜淋水,淋水后重新蓋上農膜,但在芽尖破土后必須及時撤去農膜[5]。
1.2 無性繁殖
無性繁殖包括嫁接、組培、壓條、扦插等,生產上多采用嫁接法生產無毒苗,嫁接方法包括劈接、芽接和腹接。……