呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病整合病房，都靈，意大利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：卡洛·拉蒂及合伙人建筑事務(wù)所

1 效果圖/Rendering

在歐洲新冠疫情爆發(fā)之初，CURA 應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，目前已擴(kuò)展至全球。CURA 是“呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病整合病房”（Connected Units for Respiratory Ailments）和“治愈”（Cure）的拉丁文單詞。它是一種快速開(kāi)展的解決方案，用于擴(kuò)增應(yīng)急設(shè)施，減輕醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)在治療新冠病毒感染者時(shí)的壓力——可如醫(yī)院帳篷一般快速安裝，且與普通隔離病房一樣安全。每間病房都是一個(gè)約6m（20ft）的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)集裝箱，在生物防護(hù)設(shè)備的助力下得以重新利用。抽風(fēng)扇按照“空氣感染隔離室”（AIIRs）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造室內(nèi)負(fù)壓。艙內(nèi)裝有兩名重癥監(jiān)護(hù)患者所需的全部醫(yī)療設(shè)備，包括呼吸機(jī)、監(jiān)測(cè)儀、靜脈輸液架和注射泵。

2 CURA封閉軸測(cè)/CURA closed axonometric

3 CURA剖切軸測(cè)/CURA section axonometric

CURA 最初是新冠疫情首次在歐洲爆發(fā)期間的產(chǎn)物。在2020 年3 月中旬至4 月中旬的短短4周時(shí)間里，通過(guò)國(guó)際專家小組的共同努力，第一座CURA 在意大利的“新冠肺炎定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院”誕生（該國(guó)是當(dāng)時(shí)全球疫情最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一）。

首座CURA 病艙于2020 年4 月建成，位于意大利衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局搭建的臨時(shí)醫(yī)院框架內(nèi)，坐落在意大利北部都靈的原OGR 工業(yè)園區(qū)。病房由泛歐聯(lián)合信貸銀行資助，為擁有90 張病床的醫(yī)院提供重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室。這些病房通過(guò)充氣式結(jié)構(gòu)與醫(yī)院的其他區(qū)域相連，而這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可用作儲(chǔ)藏室和更衣室。此類充氣式空間可以用于連接多間病艙，以創(chuàng)建多個(gè)模塊化配置——既可與醫(yī)院配套，也可作為獨(dú)立的臨時(shí)醫(yī)院。

CURA 已成為開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目，每個(gè)人都可訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站查閱其技術(shù)規(guī)格、圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)材料。這種同心協(xié)力也為全球性設(shè)計(jì)合作的新嘗試創(chuàng)造了機(jī)會(huì)。該項(xiàng)目在3 月底啟動(dòng)，一個(gè)月內(nèi)就有超過(guò)2000 人對(duì)其感興趣并聯(lián)系了CURA 團(tuán)隊(duì)參與、復(fù)制該項(xiàng)目，或提供技術(shù)建議。阿聯(lián)酋和加拿大等其他國(guó)家也陸續(xù)搭建了更多病艙。（王單單 譯）

4 CURA內(nèi)部渲染/CURA interior view rendering

5 CURA外景/CURA exterior view

6 CURA近景/CURA close view

7 CURA細(xì)節(jié)/CURA detailed views

8 CURA細(xì)節(jié)/CURA detailed views

9 CURA頂部/CURA top view

CURA was designed and realised at the start of the coronavirus outbreak in Europe, and is currently expanding internationally. The acronym for "Connected Units for Respiratory Ailments" and also "Cure" in Latin, CURA is a quick-to-deploy solution to expand emergency facilities and eases the pressure on healthcare systems treating patients infected by coronavirus. It can be mounted as fast as a hospital tent, and is as safe as a regular isolation ward to work in. Each unit is hosted in a 20-foot (ca. 6-metre) intermodal container, repurposed with biocontainment equipment. An extractor creates indoor negative pressure, complying with the standards of Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms (AIIRs). The pod contains all the medical equipment needed for two ICU patients, including ventilators and monitors as well as intravenous fluid stands and syringe drivers.

CURA was originally conceived and developed during the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe. In just four weeks, between Mid-March and Mid-April 2020, the joint effort of an international task force allowed for the deployment of the first unit of CURA at a COVID-19 hospital in Italy, one of the world's most impacted regions back then.

The first CURA pod was built and installed in April 2020 in the framework of the temporary hospital set up by top Italian health authorities in the former OGR industrial complex in Turin, northern Italy. This unit, which was developed with the financial sponsorship of the Pan European bank UniCredit, provided ICUs for the 90-bed hospital. The unit was connected to the rest of the hospital by an inflatable structure, which served as storage and changing room. Potentially, the inflatable unit can be used to connect more than one pod to createmultiple modular configurations, either in proximity to a hospital or as a self-standing field hospital.

10 CURA平面/CURA plan

11 CURA剖面/CURA section

12 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

13 外景渲染/External view rendering

CURA has been developed as an open-source project, with its tech specs, drawings and design materials made accessible for everyone online. Such collective endeavor has also created an opportunity for testing new methods for international design collaboration. In the first month after the project's launch in late March, more than two thousand people showed an interest and contacted the CURA team to join the project, reproduce it, or provide technical advice. More units have been built in other parts of the world, including the UAE and Canada.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Temporary COVID-19 hospital at the OGR Complex in Turin, Italy（項(xiàng)目?jī)H涉及首批原型，醫(yī)院于2020年7月關(guān)閉/first prototype only, hospital closed in July 2020）

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team:

創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)/Design and Innovation: Italo Rota

視覺(jué)形象及平面設(shè)計(jì)/Visual Identity & Graphic Design: Studio FM Milano

合作/Collaborators:

電子媒體/Digital Media: Squint/Opera

調(diào)研/Research: MIT Senseable City Lab

醫(yī)療設(shè)備供應(yīng)/Medical Equipment Supply: Philips

涂料產(chǎn)品/Painting Products: Gruppo Boero

提供支持的平臺(tái)/With the support of World Economic For um: COVID-19 Action Platform, and Cities, Infrastructure and Urban Services Platform, and the financial sponsorship of Unicredit

顧問(wèn)/Consultants:

醫(yī)療工程/Medical Engineering: Humanitas Research Hospital

醫(yī)療顧問(wèn)/Medical Consultancy: Policlinico di Milano, Dr. Maurizio Lanfranco of Ospedale Cottolengo

物流/Logistics: Alex Neame of Team Rubicon UK

安全認(rèn)證/Safety and Certifications: Fulvio Sabato of IEC Engineering

結(jié)構(gòu)及施工顧問(wèn)/Structural and Construction Consultants: 總體規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)施工及物流服務(wù)/Master Planning, Design, Construction and Logistics Support Services: Jacobs (Alberto Riva)

機(jī)電暖通工程/MEP Engineering: Ivan Pavanello of Projema

材料/Mater ial: 金屬（集裝箱）/Metal (shipping container)

項(xiàng)目規(guī)格/Project Area: 5800mm L × 2310mm W × 2280mm H

建筑面積/Floor Area: 5800mm L × 2310mm W

造價(jià)/Cost: 每病床75,000歐元/75,000 EUR per intensive care bed

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2020.03

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2020.03-2020.04

繪圖/Drawings: CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati

攝影/Photos: Max Tomasinelli

資料網(wǎng)址/Online Resource: https://curapods.org/opensource-files

17 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view