洛杉磯會展中心過載管理案例，加利福尼亞，美國

建筑設計：美國SmithGroup建筑設計公司

美國SmithGroup 建筑設計公司受洛杉磯市長之邀參與改造計劃——將洛杉磯會展中心改造成擁有2600 張病床的“醫院減壓場”以供新冠患者使用。該中心是該市抗疫戰略的一部分：隨著新冠病毒病例的增加，對醫院床位的需求將會激增。

美國SmithGroup 建筑設計公司所召集了一支由十多名醫療規劃人員、建筑師和工程師組成的團隊，為這個偌大的空間制定推測性平面圖。隨后，該團隊迅速制定計劃，打造最大容量的輕度患者護理機構，可容納新冠肺炎呈陽性和陰性的輕度患者，并建立門診檢測中心，為重度患者騰出醫院床位。在不到24 小時內，事務所便為1246 張床位、分診區、清潔區/入口區、急救護理區、營養供給區、家庭空間、員工休息室和運輸入口區提供了場地及空間規劃研究與平面圖，并對電氣和暖通空調系統進行考量以控制建筑內部的病毒傳播。

最終的方案是在兩個主要的展廳內放置1086張床，每張床間隔約1.8m（6ft），以床頭對床頭的方式布置，中間隔有約1.5m（5ft）的走道，加上周長為約3m（10ft）寬的對外通道。位于加州海峽群島的美國空軍國民警衛隊第146 空運聯隊用了短短48 小時為該中心配置了床位和設備，并交由美國衛生與公共服務部運營。這座野戰醫院旨在為癥狀較輕的新冠病患提供服務，也承擔了隔離中心的角色以安置急診出院后的新冠康復患者，同時為出院后無處可去但仍需隔離的人們提供基礎護理服務。（王單單 譯）

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 平面/Plan

3 概況/Summary

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: City of Los Angeles

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Francisco Owens

設計團隊/Design Team: Vince Avallone, Wayne Barger, Cindy Beckham, Heather Chung, Brenna Costello, Shant Der-Torossian, Keith Garratt, Chai Jayachandran, Ann Kenyon, Bonnie Khang-Keating, Joon Kim, Mike Medici, Jamie Newton, Francisco Owens, Don Posson, Matt Richter, Pema Wanqzome, Andrew Brown, Lana Chan, Russell Garratt, Kevin Kresser, James Newton

項目面積/Project Area: 92,903 m2(1,000,000 ft2)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 74,322 m2(800,000 ft2)

設計時間/Design Period: 2020.03.26

建設周期/Construction Period: 2020.03-04

完工時間/Completion Time: 2020.04

繪圖/Drawings: Francisco Owens

SmithGroup was engaged by the Mayor of Los Angeles to help plan the conversion of the Los Angeles Convention Centre into a 2600-bed "hospital decompression site" for COVID-19 patients. The facility is part of a strategy to prepare the city for an expected surge in demand for hospital beds as the number of new coronavirus cases swelled.

SmithGroup pulled together a team of more than a dozen medical planners, architects and engineers to develop speculative test-fit plans for the massive space. The team then worked quickly to develop plans for a maximum capacity, low-acuity care facility that could be used to care for both lowacuity COVID-19 positive and negative patients, as well as a walk-up testing site, freeing up needed hospital beds for high acuity patients. In less than 24 hours, SmithGroup provided a site and spatial planning study and test-fit for a 1246-bed layout, triage, decon/intake, critical care, nourishment, family space, staff respite, and transport intake, as well as electrical and HVAC considerations, to control the spread of the virus within the building.

4 床位布局/Bed layout

5 標準48床單元布局/Typical 48-bed unit layout

6 流線圖示A/Flow diagram A

7 流線圖示B/Flow diagram B

The final plan places 1086 beds in the two major exhibit halls, with beds separated by 6ft (1.8m) in a head-to-head configuration with and 5ft (1.5m) aisles between and a 10-foot (3m) wide circulation corridor around the perimetre. Over the course of 48 hours, the facility was outfitted with beds and equipment by Airmen from the National Guard's 146th Airlift Wing out of the Channel Islands Air National Guard Station, and will be operated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The field hospital is intended to be used for COVID-19 patients with less symptoms or lower symptoms, as well as a possible quarantine centre for recovering coronavirus patients after they are released from acute-care, and non-licensed care to patients, who may not have a place to go after they are released from the hospital, but still need to remain in isolation.

8 交流大廳模型A床位布局（160床）/Concourse Hall Module A bed layout (160 beds)

9 交流大廳模型B床位布局（261床）/Concourse Hall Module B Bed layout (261 beds)

10 佩特里大廳（88隔間）/Petree Hall (88 cubicles)