科伯格2號商業綜合體，杜塞爾多夫，德國

建筑設計：英根霍芬建筑事務所

1 德雷施本大廈、米利佩德和霍夫加藤，1964年/Dreischeibenhaus, Tausendfü?ler, Hofgarten, 1964（圖片來源/Sources: city archive Düsseldorf）

城市與公園之間——一種新型的建筑

為回應城市現狀，科伯格2號分為商業和辦公兩部分。梯形主體高5層，其傾斜的外立面朝向彼此，與稍小些的三角形體量遙相對應，形成了通向古斯塔夫-格林德根斯廣場的動態入口。沿著影子商業街或柏林大道向這里走來，你會看到戰后現代主義的標志性建筑——德雷施本大廈和杜塞爾多夫城市劇院——及位于其后側、種滿了玉蘭樹的霍夫加藤公共花園。正對著古斯塔夫-格林德根斯廣場的科伯格2號，通體覆蓋著綠植，與霍夫加藤公共花園相對話。

從功能性來看，科伯格2號將文化及購物這種城市生活中不同的層面銜接起來，集零售、餐飲、辦公和娛樂于一體，總建筑面積達42,000m2。緊臨影子商業街——德國最繁忙的購物街之一——的玻璃立面高27m、長120m。多孔金屬網骨架作為內部結構，從封閉到開敞，不同視角呈現出的空間透明度各不相同。包含屋頂在內的其他外立面則相對柔和，其上種植了長達8km的角木樹籬——這也是全歐洲最大的綠植立面。對側空間高10m，與道路相銜接的傾斜屋面也通體覆蓋著綠植，有助于讓來訪者放松身心。綠植區塊的構圖靈感來自于大地藝術，謹慎地調和了城市和公園之間的不確定感。

長達8km的角木樹籬

事務所選用了當地一種闊葉植物——角木，該品種在冬季不掉葉子。春季，樹籬上滿是鮮嫩的淺綠色葉片，夏季變為濃郁的深綠色，秋季則變為金黃。這些綠植改善了城市小微氣候——在夏季抵御陽光輻射，降低城市高溫，凝結CO2，儲存水分，吸收噪音且有助于激發生物多樣性。角木樹籬產生的生態效應約等同于80棵成熟的落葉植物。數十年來，英根霍芬建筑事務所走訪了不同的氣候區域，致力于打造盡可能多的綠地以回饋城市。依托于“超級綠色”理念，事務所正全面實行可持續發展策略。這種根據當地情況為每個項目制定適宜種植計劃的理念，標志著城市應對氣候變化的前瞻性思考。

本項目中，事務所與柏林博伊特應用科技大學的植物學家施特勞奇博士聯合制定了詳細的植物技術計劃，并在實驗裝置上進行了測試。基于對場地的精確分析，明確了建筑需求，例如高1.3m的樹籬所需種植機的尺寸與型號。此外，還制定了一個提供水、營養物質并對植株進行定期修剪的維護計劃。科伯格2號屋面上的灌木叢生長在常規植物床基上，北立面和西立面的灌木叢則生長在一種水平設置的容器中，該特殊培育系統分布在與立面緊密相連的獨立支撐結構上。苗圃自2016年起就在培育植株，2019年秋季，根系發育完全的植株被運送到了施工現場。

自1992年起推動城市發展

克里斯托弗·英根霍芬自1992年起就有了重新設計杜塞爾多夫市中心的想法。通過調研、深化城市規劃理念和具體實踐，在長期以機動車及暢通無阻的交通為導向的城市演進過程中，他起到了不可或缺的作用。例如，在2003年的MIPIM會議上，他提出了在國王大道、揚·韋勒姆廣場、霍夫加滕公園和古斯塔夫-格林德根斯廣場的附近區域進行系統再發展的設計倡議，倡議包括借由隧道緩解交通壓力及拆除高架公路。2014年英根霍芬建筑事務所在科伯格2號的國際競賽中勝出。2018-2020年，事務所對杜塞爾多夫劇院進行了翻修，同時，運用謹慎且低調的設計策略對古斯塔夫-格林德根斯廣場周邊的建筑進行了徹底的內部整修。

在這個立體交通高速路一直占據主導之地，秉承著庭院建筑師海因里希·希勒布雷希特的精神，依托于以更多市民為本的城市規劃策略，霍夫加藤公共花園在2013年重返城市中心。在杜塞爾多夫的新市中心，3個處于不同的位置的建筑匯聚形成了城市肌理：簡潔冷峻的德雷施本大廈（赫爾穆特·亨特里奇和休伯特·派特克寧格設計，1960年），顏色明快、形態輕盈的城市劇院（波恩哈德·普福設計，1970年），以及通體綠色、具有動態立面的科伯格2號（英根霍芬建筑事務所設計，2020年）。每個建筑都代表著其所處的時代，互不爭搶，各自佇立。（天妮 譯）

Between City and Park – A New Type of Building

K?-Bogen II, a two-part commercial and office building, was developed in response to the existing urban situation. With their sloping fa?ades turned towards each other, the five-storey,trapezoidal main building, together with its smaller,triangular counterpart, form a dynamic entrance to Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz. Approaching the building from Schadowstrasse or Berliner Allee gives an unobstructed view of the icons of postwar modernism - the Dreischeibenhaus and the Schauspielhaus - and behind them the Hofgarten[the public garden] with its magnolia trees. The K?-Bogen fa?ades facing the plaza at Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz are entirely green, entering into a dialogue with the Hofgarten.

Functionally, K?-Bogen II mediates between the different facets of urban life: between the pleasures of culture and of shopping. A variety of uses - retail,gastronomy, offices, and recreation - come together on a gross floor area of 42,000 square metres.Measuring 27 metres high and 120 metres long, the fa?ade of the main building along Schadowstrasse -one of the busiest shopping streets in Germany - is completely glazed. Expanded metal slats structure the interior, varying in transparency from closed to open, depending on the perspective. The other fa?ades including the roof are more tempered and planted with 8 kilometres of hornbeam hedges -Europe's largest green fa?ade. The accessible sloping roof of the 10-metre-high building opposite is also completely green and invites visitors to relax and take in the sun. The composition of these green areas is inspired by Land Art, and enable K?-Bogen II to oscillate in a deliberate indeterminacy between city and park.

Eight Kilometres of Hornbeam Hedges

The hornbeam was chosen as a native hardwood,and the selected varieties keep their leaves in winter. In spring the hedges glisten with their fresh, light green foliage, which deepen to rich, dark green in summer, then to golden brown in autumn.This greenery improves the city's microclimate -it protects against the sun's rays in summer and reduces urban heat, binds carbon dioxide, stores moisture, absorbs noise, and supports biodiversity.The ecological bene fit of the hornbeam hedges equals that of approximately 80 fully grown deciduous trees. Giving back as much green as possible to the city is a task that ingenhoven architects have been working on for decades and across different climate zones. With its supergreen concept the office is taking a comprehensive approach to sustainability.A bespoke planting concept is developed for each project according to the local context and marks a forward-thinking urban response to climate change.

For the project in Düsseldorf, a detailed phytotechnological plan was developed in collaboration with the botanist Prof. Dr. Strauch from Beuth University of Applied Sciences in Berlin,and tested in a trial installation. Based on a precise site analysis, structural requirements were de fined,such as the size and type of planters needed for the 1.3-metre-high hedges. A concept for the supply of water and nutrients along with plant maintenance,including regular pruning, was also developed.While the shrubs on the roof of K?-Bogen II grow in conventional plant beds, those on the north- and west-facing fa?ades are grown in a special system of horizontally arranged containers on a separate supporting structure that is firmly connected to the fa?ade. The plants were supplied by a nursery where they had been growing since 2016, so they could be delivered to the construction site in autumn 2019with fully developed roots.

3 剖面/Sections

4 剖面/Sections

Impulses for Urban Development Since 1992

Christoph Ingenhoven has been pursuing the idea of redesigning the centre of Düsseldorf since 1992. With studies, urban planning concepts, and concrete projects, he has provided essential impulses for the evolution of a city that was long oriented towards cars and the unimpeded flow of traffic. In 2003 at the MIPIM, for example, he presented a design for comprehensive redevelopment in the area around K?nigsallee, Jan-Wellem-Platz, Hofgarten,and Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz, including the transfer of traffic into tunnels and the demolition of the elevated highway. In 2014, ingenhoven architects won the limited international competition for K?-Bogen II. From 2018 to 2020, the office refurbished the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus. The approach was sensitive and understated, while undertaking a clear internal restructuring of the building towards Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz.

Today, at the site where an elevated motorway dominated the landscape until 2013 - in the spirit of the garden architect Heinrich Hillebrecht - the Hofgarten has moved back into the heart of the city through a more people-oriented approach to urban planning. In Düsseldorf's new city centre,three different architectural positions converge to shape the urban fabric: the clear austerity of the Dreischeibenhaus by Helmut Hentrich and Hubert Petschnigg [1960], the buoyant lightness of the Schauspielhaus by Bernhard Pfau [1970],and the entirely green, dynamic fa?ades of K?-Bogen II by ingenhoven architects [2020]. Each representative of its time, none in competition with the others.

項目信息/Credits and Data

功能/Programme: 零售，餐飲，辦公，地下停車/Retail,gastronomy, offices, underground car park

客戶/Client: Düsseldorf Schadowstra?e 50/52 GmbH & Co.KG, CENTRUM Projektentwicklung GmbH, Düsseldorf and B&L Group, Hamburg

建筑設計/Architects: ingenhoven architects

設計團隊/Design Team: Christoph Ingenhoven, Peter Jan van Ouwerkerk, Cem Uzman, Mehmet Congara, Ben Dieckmann, Patrick Esser, Vanessa Garcia Carnicero, Yulia Grantovskikh, Tomoko Goi, Olga Hartmann, Jakob Hense,Melike Islek, Fabrice-Noel K?hler, Christian Monning,Daniel Pehl, Andres Pena Gomez, Peter Pistorius, Lukas Reichel, Jürgen Schreyer, Susana Somoza Parada, Jonas Unger, Nicolas Witsch, Dariusz Szczygielski, Stefan Boenicke, Thanh Dang

項目管理/Project Management: AIP Bauregie GmbH,Düsseldorf

結構規劃/Structural Planning: Schü?ler-Plan Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Düsseldorf

開發計劃/Development Plan: Heinz Jahnen Pflüger -Stadtplaner und Architekten Partnerschaft, Aachen

土木工程咨詢/Geotechnical Consulting: ICG Düsseldorf GmbH & Co. KG

綠色立面設計/Fa?ade Planning - Green Fa?ades & Green Roofs: ingenhoven architects

植物科技/Phytotechnology - Building Greenery: Strauch,Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Technology

植物生態咨詢/Consultation on Vegetation Ecology: Prof.Dr. Reif, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Chair of Site Classi fication and Vegetation Science

BGF辦公樓面積/BGF Office Building: 41,370 m2

BGF地下車庫面積/BGF Underground Car Park: 23,000 m2施工時間/Construction Period: 2017-2020

可持續認證/Sustainability Certi ficate: DGNB Platinum pre -certi ficate, supergreen?

攝影/Photos: ingenhoven architects/HGEsch

5 總平面/Site plan

6 屋頂平面/Roof plan

7 鳥瞰/Aerial view

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

9 立面細部/Fa?ade detail

評委評語

鮑里斯·沙德-賓索夫：科伯格2號商業綜合體既是一個強有力的建筑地標，也是一個卓越的生態標桿，從城市規劃的角度它也很有趣：它完成了一個廣義上的城市更新，標志著從汽車主導的街道向人本城市轉型。該建筑是一個明確的綠色城市設計宣言，成就了古斯塔夫-格林德根斯廣場的新建筑群。該項目將自然帶入杜塞爾多夫城市中心。8km長的角木樹籬以及超過30,000株植物形成歐洲最大的綠色外立面——這是一個前所未有的項目。（龐凌波 譯）

Jury Statement

Boris Schade-Bünsow: K?-Bogen II is both a strong architectural and ecological signature and interesting from an urban planning point of view: Completing an extensive urban renewal project marking a change from the car-dominated street towards a people-oriented city the building makes a clear green urban design statement accomplishing the new building ensemble at the Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz. The project brings nature to the centre of Düsseldorf. With eight kilometres of hornbeam hedges, over 30,000 plants - Europe's largest green fa?ade - this is a project yet unseen here.

10 近景/Nearby view

11 歐洲最大的綠色立面，細節/Europe's biggest green fa?ade, detail

12 歐洲最大的綠色立面，細節/Europe's biggest green fa?ade, detail