學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該做兼職？

湖南何高倫

學(xué)生做兼職的現(xiàn)象一直存在，他們有的是為了減輕家里的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，有的是為了豐富課余生活……那么，學(xué)生做兼職是否可取？

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難詞探意

1.consume/k?n'sju?m/v.消耗

2.essential/?'sen?l/adj.基本的；必不可少的

In order to improve socializing skills,lighten the financial burden and also spend spare time,an increasing number of students are doing part-time jobs.Like a coin has two sides,there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to it.

Some people think that there are many advantages for students to have part-time jobs.Firstly,part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.Secondly,doing part-time jobs enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence.Thirdly,part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers.Finally,part-time jobs can broaden their lives and help them know more of themselves and society.

However,some other people hold the view that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages.The main job of students is to study,not to work.If they have part-time jobs,they may have to reduce their time for sleep,rest,study and activities.For the shortage of time,when you focus on one,you may lose the other.Working several hours a dayconsumesa lot of time and energy and may affect their studies.

As a result,they may find it hard to adjust to what the school expects of them as well as their employers expect,and finally,they may fall behind or fail in their studies.

But remember a positive attitude is the key to everything.Be confident that you can deal with these two items.For instance,you can make a clear timetable and this will remind you of your arrangement and making full use of your time.

Students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situations,but they should remember they are students,and their study is theessentialpreparation for their success in society.Thus,the most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and their study.

Language Study

Ⅰ.Useful expressions

financial burden經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)

spare time閑暇時(shí)間

be independent of不依賴

build up增進(jìn)；加強(qiáng)

focus on集中于

adjust to適應(yīng)；習(xí)慣

deal with處理；應(yīng)付

make full use of充分使用

Ⅱ.Difficult sentences

1.Firstly,part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.首先，兼職給他們提供了運(yùn)用學(xué)校所學(xué)知識(shí)和展示能力的機(jī)會(huì)。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，what they have learned in school為賓語(yǔ)從句，作apply的賓語(yǔ)；主句中offer them opportunities為“動(dòng)詞雙賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.As a result,they may find it hard to adjust to what the school expects of them as well as their employers expect,and finally,they may fall behind or fail in their studies.結(jié)果，他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)學(xué)校對(duì)他們的期望以及雇主的期望，最后，他們可能會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)上落后或失敗。

【點(diǎn)石成金】find it+adj.+to do sth為固定句式，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是……的”，it為形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ)。

Reading Check

閱讀以上短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

寫作導(dǎo)引

概要寫作（summary writing）是在整體把握原文的前提下，用自己簡(jiǎn)潔、精練的語(yǔ)言，對(duì)原文的主旨大意進(jìn)行高度的概括，寫出一篇語(yǔ)義連貫的短文。概要寫作一般可分為以下五個(gè)步驟：

Step 1 Read for the genre(體裁)

常見的文章體裁及其結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

●記敘文記敘文常按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)鋪排語(yǔ)篇順序，其核心六要素是who、when、where、what、why和how，一般可分為以下幾個(gè)部分：

開端：介紹背景，交代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等因素，引出故事的開端。

正文：包括情節(jié)、發(fā)展和高潮三部分。

結(jié)尾：故事結(jié)局。

●說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文可分為舉例說(shuō)明文、類比/對(duì)比說(shuō)明文、因果說(shuō)明文。開頭（概說(shuō)）：引出文章主題（現(xiàn)象/問題/研究結(jié)果）。

正文（分說(shuō)）：分項(xiàng)具體解釋說(shuō)明（舉例子、析原因、析結(jié)果、作對(duì)比）。

結(jié)尾（總說(shuō)）：總結(jié)陳述。

●議論文議論文主要是作者闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，并進(jìn)行論證。

引論（開頭）：引出觀點(diǎn)。

本論：擺出證據(jù)，闡明觀點(diǎn)（闡理由、析利弊、列實(shí)例、提舉措）。

結(jié)論：重申觀點(diǎn)。

本文是一篇議論文，主要講述學(xué)生做兼職對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)造成的影響，以及如何平衡學(xué)習(xí)和兼職的問題。

Step 2 Read for the structure(結(jié)構(gòu))

本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為“總—分—總”。第一段是主題段，綜述學(xué)生兼職的概況，指出兼職具有兩面性；第二、三段為支撐性內(nèi)容，從正、反兩方面講述兼職的優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)；第四、五段總結(jié)，要平衡學(xué)業(yè)和兼職。

Step 3 Read for the key points（要點(diǎn)）

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Step 4 Paraphrase(改寫)the key points accurately and briefly

文章體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)和要點(diǎn)抓住后，就需要進(jìn)行改寫，如：

1.an increasing number of students可替換為more and more students；“Like a coin has two sides,there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to it.”可 替 換 為“It has both advantages and disadvantages.”。

第一段可概括為“More and more students take part-time jobs,which has both advantages and disadvantages.”。

2.demonstrate their abilities可替換為capable。

第二段可概括為“After taking part-time jobs,students become capable,independent and considerate.”。

3.reduce their time for sleep,rest,study and activities可替換為take up much time。

第三段可概括為“Others think that part-time jobs take up much time.”。

4.“Be confident that you can deal with these two items.”可替換為“Students should balance their study and work.”。

第四段可概括為“Students should balance their work and study.”。

5.keep a good balance可替換為balance。

第五段可概括為“It's necessary for students to balance work and study.”。

Step 5 Combine the paraphrases to form a coherent(連貫的)summary

兩種不同觀點(diǎn)用both...and連接；兩種觀點(diǎn)之間用while連接表示比較；最后用in a word開頭做總結(jié)，使得文章上下文連貫、有邏輯。

概要寫作還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.客觀性

概要寫作其實(shí)是一種客觀的復(fù)述，在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，用自己的語(yǔ)言忠實(shí)地再現(xiàn)作者的思想。寫作內(nèi)容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要點(diǎn)，也不能隨意增加內(nèi)容。特別需要注意的是，考生不能對(duì)原文進(jìn)行解釋和評(píng)論，也不能摻雜任何個(gè)人想法，或做出任何評(píng)判，因此不能出現(xiàn)“I believe”和“I think”等詞句。

2.簡(jiǎn)潔性

能簡(jiǎn)則簡(jiǎn)，避免繁復(fù)。概要寫作是一種對(duì)原文“濃縮”后產(chǎn)生的新語(yǔ)篇，通過刪除細(xì)節(jié)，減少例證，簡(jiǎn)化描述，以及去除重復(fù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔性，但是簡(jiǎn)潔的同時(shí)還要做到意義的完整。

3.連貫性

概要寫作并不像寫提綱那樣只是要點(diǎn)的羅列。寫概要時(shí)，必須在各要點(diǎn)之間增加一些連詞，使概要銜接緊密、脈絡(luò)清晰。寫出的概要讀起來(lái)要完整連貫、獨(dú)立成篇。

切記：概要寫作不分段！