Smart City: The Top Stories of 2020 2020年智慧城市杰出案例

唐玉平

Smart city technology has proven powerful at helping cities around the world battle Covid-19， and it will continue to be required throughout 2021. Lets take a look back at the top 8 most popular stories in 2020.

South Korea steps up online coronavirus tracking

Central and local governments in South Korea were among the first to employ technology to track the virus by sending real-time alerts via text message， apps and online on the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus as well as the travel histories of those infected. In March， we reported how a “self-quarantine safety protection” app， developed by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety， allows those who have been quarantined to stay in touch with caseworkers. The Corona 100m （Co100） app， launched on February 11， had a million downloads in its first 10 days after launch.

Bogotá expands bike lanes to curb cor-onavirus spread

Also in March， the Colombian capital of Bogotá announced that it was opening 76km （47 miles） of temporary bike lanes to reduce crowding on public transport and help prevent the spread of coronavirus， as well as to improve air quality. A statement from the mayors office said： “The bicycle， being an individual means of transport， represents one of the most hygienic alternatives for the prevention of the virus， especially in this first preventive stage in which it is recommended to avoid close contact and crowds.”

LA rolls out pre-paid cards for Covid-19 financial assistance

In April， the City of Los Angeles said it would provide pre-paid debit cards to get financial assistance to the most in-need residents faster amid the pandemic. The programme was to be deployed with Accelerator for America and Mastercards City Possible1， and the partners reckon the approach could be quickly scaled to other cities. Funds were distributed via no-fee， pre-paid debit cards， enabled by City Possible， to citizens experiencing financial hardship due to Covid-19-related job losses or furloughing2.

Amsterdam adopts first city doughnut model for circular economy

In April， the City of Amsterdam published the Circular 2020–2025 strategy， which outlined actions to halve the use of new raw materials by 2030. The strategy is based on what Amsterdam reports as “the worlds first City Doughnut3” economic model. The city aims to have a completely circular economy by 2050， based on reusing raw materials to avoid waste and reduce CO2 emissions.

Singapore tops smart city ranking for second year running

In September， Singapore topped the Institute for Management Development （IMD）4 Smart City Index for the second consecutive year， followed by the Finnish capital Helsinki and Swiss city of Zurich. The ranking is based on citizens perception of the impact that technology has on their quality of lives as well as economic and technological data.

Boston launches Covid-19 data dashboards for residents

The Boston Department of Innovation and Technologys Citywide Analytics Team launched two dashboards in March that allowed residents to track the number of coronavirus cases in the city and throughout Massachusetts. Mayor Marty Walsh said： “Ensuring residents have accurate， up-to-date information about the coronavirus is critical during this challenging time. These dashboards are another resource for residents to gather information and stay informed as we follow public health guidelines to keep ourselves and each other safe.”

How 5G-powered robots are helping China fight coronavirus

Artificial intelligence has been central to many solutions developed to battle the virus. In March， we reported how China was using 5G patrol robots to monitor mask-wearing and body temperatures in public places， such as airports and shopping malls， in cities such as Guangzhou， Shanghai， Xian and Guiyang. Meanwhile， intelligent disinfection robots developed in a week from design to sample production by Siemens and Aucma were to be used in some of Chinas hospitals.

Covid-19 accelerates the adoption of smart city tech to build resilience

Also in May， a report from ABI Research highlighted how drones， new types of surveillance， digital twins5 and real-time dashboards were among the technologies emerging in new use cases6 by cities during the coronavirus pandemic. Analysis by the global tech market advisory firm showed that city governments are adjusting to a new reality with Covid-19 driving urban resilience and digital transformation strategy agendas.■

在全球各城市抗擊新冠肺炎的戰斗中，智慧城市技術發揮了重要作用;在整個2021年，它亦不可或缺。現在讓我們回顧一下2020年里最廣為人知的八大案例。

韓國加強新冠病毒在線追蹤

韓國的中央和地方政府在病毒追蹤技術的最早使用者之列——通過短信、應用程序和網絡，就確診病例數和感染人員的旅行史向公眾發布實時提醒。2020年3月，我們報道過由韓國行政安全部研發的一款“自行隔離安全保護”應用程序，可使隔離人員與防疫人員保持聯系。2月11日推出的Corona 100m手機應用上線后最初10天的下載量達到100萬次。

波哥大延長自行車道以抑制新冠病毒傳播

同樣是在3月，哥倫比亞首都波哥大宣布開放總計長76公里（47英里）的臨時自行車道。這項舉措除了旨在改善空氣質量，更著意于緩解公共交通人多擁擠的情況，助力疫情防控。市長辦公室發布的一份聲明宣稱：“自行車作為一種個人出行工具，是預防病毒傳播最衛生的一種出行選擇，尤其是在疫情防控的初期階段，在此階段建議大家避免近距離接觸及人群聚集。”

洛杉磯推出預付借記卡，用于發放疫情紆困金

4月，洛杉磯市宣布將向該市最困難的居民提供預付借記卡，使他們能夠在疫情期間更快地獲得經濟補助。該計劃由“美國加速器”基金和萬事達City Possible計劃一起部署。合作者們認為這個方法可能很快會擴大到其他城市。借由City Possible派發的無手續費的預付借記卡，向遇到經濟困難的市民發放救助金，這些人因新冠疫情而失業或不得不停薪休假。

阿姆斯特丹采用首個“城市甜甜圈”模型以發展循環經濟

4月，阿姆斯特丹市發布了2020—2025年循環經濟戰略。該戰略擬定了在2030年之前將新原材料的使用減少一半的行動計劃。它的基礎就是阿姆斯特丹宣布的“世界首個城市甜甜圈”經濟模型。該市目標是到2050年完全實現循環經濟，其基礎是對原材料加以再利用，從而避免浪費并降低二氧化碳的排放。

新加坡連續兩年位居智慧城市榜首

9月，新加坡連續第二年榮登洛桑國際管理發展學院的“智慧城市指數”排名榜榜首，緊隨其后的是芬蘭首都赫爾辛基和瑞士城市蘇黎世。該項排名不僅基于經濟和科技數據，也基于市民如何看待科技對于他們生活質量的影響。

波士頓為居民推出疫情實時數據儀表盤

3月，波士頓創新和技術部的全市分析團隊推出了兩個數據儀表盤，使市民可以追蹤到該市和整個馬薩諸塞州的新冠確診病例數。市長馬蒂·沃爾什說：“在這個艱難的時期，確保居民獲得準確的最新疫情信息是非常重要的。在我們遵守公共衛生指導方針、注意自身和他人安全的同時，這兩個儀表盤為居民收集信息、了解實時疫情提供了又一種手段。”

5G機器人助力中國抗疫

對于研發出來的眾多抗疫方案，人工智能起著主導作用。3月，我們報道過中國利用5G巡邏機器人在廣州、上海、西安和貴陽等城市的公共場所（如機場和購物中心）監測口罩佩戴情況和人體體溫。與此同時，中國的一些醫院采用了由西門子公司和澳柯瑪集團聯合研發的智能消毒機器人——從設計到樣品生產，這款機器人僅耗時一周。

新冠疫情使智慧城市技術提以加速應用以構建城市韌性

也是在5月，ABI Research公司發布了一份報告。該報告重點描述了無人機、新型監視設備、數字孿生技術和實時儀表盤如何在疫情期間成為城市用來應對新情況的新型技術。這家全球技術市場咨詢公司的分析表明，各市級政府正在適應一種新的現實，那就是新冠疫情推動著城市韌性和數字化轉型戰略議程。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? □

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎者）

1指由洛杉磯Accelerator for America基金會與萬事達卡City Possible計劃合作發起的募款活動（Angeleno Campaign），募集總額超過 1000 萬美元。City Possible是由萬事達國際組織發起的公共與私營部門合作（public-private partnerships，簡稱PPP）新模式，旨在推動包容性金融，用支付數據改善城市規劃，實現可持續發展。

2 furlough強制……休假。? 3甜甜圈經濟學是英國經濟學家凱特·雷沃思（Kate Ra-worth）開發的經濟學模型。甜甜圈的內環是“社會基礎（social foundation）”，即各類滿足個人生活基本需求和權利的因素，包括食物、水、能源、住房、教育、醫療等;外環是“生態天花板（ecological ceiling）”，包括氣候變化、海洋酸化、化學污染、生物多樣化喪失、空氣污染等。雷沃思主張把經濟增長控制在內外環形成的“甜甜圈”里，保證經濟增長滿足人的基本需求，但不至于沖破生態天花板，破壞地球環境。? 4 即International Institute for Management Development（簡稱IMD），是全球頂尖的商業管理學院，坐落于瑞士西部城市洛桑。

5 digital twin數字孿生（又稱“數字雙胞胎”），是充分利用物理模型、傳感器更新、運行歷史等數據，集成多學科、多物理量、多尺度、多概率的仿真過程，在虛擬空間中完成映射，從而反映相對應的實體裝備的全生命周期過程。? 6 use case用例，或譯使用案例、用況，在軟件工程中表示系統所提供的功能，描述系統是如何被參與者所使用的。