泡沫鋁用于新能源汽車吸能盒的性能分析

王勝永 趙紅 張向鋒 肖志玲 張德海 宋學謙 李育文 董焱章

摘 要：保險杠吸能盒的變形特性及吸能效果對新能源汽車的安全保障具有重要意義。壓縮試驗和測量得到的壓力-變形曲線表明，雖然泡沫鋁試樣和泡沫鋁填充吸能盒試樣均經歷了彈性變形、初始壓縮穩定性失效坍塌、連續坍塌和壓實的過程。然而，泡沫鋁填充吸能盒試樣在壓縮過程中表現為泡沫鋁與吸能盒內壁摩擦力、鋼質吸能盒結構、泡沫鋁及胞孔內氣體相互耦合作用的過程，其塑性變形平臺明顯高于泡沫鋁試樣。可見，泡沫鋁填充吸能盒結構既具有較寬的應力平臺曲線，同時又具有較好的變形剛度性能，可以同時滿足新能源汽車保險杠吸能盒應具有的大能量吸收和良好抵抗變形的能力。

關鍵詞：泡沫鋁;吸能盒;變形特性;吸能特性

中圖分類號：TB122 ? ? 文獻標識碼：A ? ? 文章編號：1003-5168（2021）21-0030-04

Performance Analysis of Energy Absorption Bumper with Aluminum Foam of New Energy Vehicles

WANG Shengyong1? ?ZHAO Hong2? ?ZHANG Xiangfeng3? ?XIAO Zhiling1? ?ZHANG Dehai1? ?SONG Xueqian1

LI Yuwen1? ?DONG Yanzhang4

（1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry， Zhenzhou Henan 450002; 2. College of Energy and Power Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry， Zhengzhou Henan 450002;3.State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment， Dalian University of Technology，Dalian Liaoning 116023;4.College of Automotive Engineering，Hubei University of Automotive Technology，Shiyan Hubei 442000）

Abstract： The deformation characteristics and energy absorption effect of the energy absorption bumper are of great significance to the safety of new energy vehicles.Compression test and force-deformation curves show that both aluminum foam specimen and aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen have exhibited elastic deformation， initial compression stability failure， continuous collapse， and compaction. However， the plastic deformation phases of the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen is significantly higher than that of the aluminum foam specimen， which is due to the interaction between the fiction of the aluminum foam and the inner wall energy absorption bumper， the structure of the steel energy absorption bumper， the aluminum foam and the gas in the cells. It can be seen that the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing bumper not only has a wide stress plateau curve， but also has good deformation rigidity performance， which could simultaneously meet the large energy absorption and good resistance to deformation for a new energy vehicle bumper.

Keywords： aluminum foams; energy-absorbing bumper; deformation characteristics; energy absorption properties

面對汽車工業發展所帶來的能源和環境問題，新能源汽車已成為世界各國汽車工程領域發展的共識。我國制定了《節能與新能源汽車產業發展規劃（2012—2020年）》，推動新能源汽車產業已經成為國家重大戰略性新興產業。隨著質量輕、能耗低的新能源汽車逐步走向市場，其安全性能也越來越受到重視。歐陽明高，Zhang，Li，Sallee，Safdar，Lahimer以及Zhu等[1-7]研究表明相比于傳統燃油汽車，保險杠吸能盒若采用傳統的空管結構已經不能滿足新能源汽車的大變形及能量吸收需求。