近50年新鄉城鄉氣溫變化特征及熱島效應的研究

陳雅軒

摘 要：城市熱島效應即城市的高溫化，是由于人為原因，建筑物和道路等高蓄熱體及綠地減少，改變了城市地表的溫度、濕度、空氣對流等，從而引起城市氣候變化的現象，是城市氣候最明顯的特點之一。本文應用新鄉站以及相鄰的衛輝站、延津站分別作為城市站和鄉村站，應用這三站近50年的逐日氣溫資料，采用統計分析的方法，研究城鄉氣溫變化特征中的日、季、年等時間分布特征，以及兩地氣候變化特征及其周期性、階段性的發展是否影響了城鄉氣溫變化以及是否造成了明顯的城市升溫及顯著“熱島效應”等問題。分別從城鄉氣溫差值、城、鄉氣溫年際變化、冬季的城市熱島強度指標和氣溫日較差的城市熱島強度指標四個方面展開研究，結果表明：近50年新鄉市城鄉氣溫差值有明顯加大的趨勢，表明城市熱島效應越來越顯著，且氣候變暖主要是冬季升溫的貢獻。

關鍵詞：熱島效應;城鄉;氣溫;熱島強度;城市發展

中圖分類號：X16 ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? 文章編號：1003-5168（2021）21-0097-05

Study on the Characteristics of Urban and Rural Temperature Change and Heat Island Effect in Xinxiang in Recent 50 Years

CHEN Yaxuan

（Yuanyang Meteorological Bureau， Yuanyang Henan 453500）

Abstract： Urban heat island effect refers to the high temperature of the city. It is one of the most obvious characteristics of urban climate because of the decrease of high heat storage bodies and green space， such as buildings and roads， which change the surface temperature， humidity， air convection and so on. In this paper， Xinxiang station and adjacent Weihui station and Yanjin station used as urban station and rural station respectively. Based on the daily temperature data of three stations in recent 50 years， and the method of the statistical analysis is used to analysis the characteristics of daily temporal distribution， seasonal and chronological temperature change characteristics in urban and rural areas are studied. Further， it is study that whether the characteristics of climate change， as well as the periodic development affect the urban and rural temperature change， whether it causes obvious urban warming and significant "heat island effect". This paper studied the urban-rural temperature difference， the interannual variation of urban and rural temperature， the urban heat island intensity index in winter and the urban heat island intensity index of daily temperature difference. The results show that the temperature difference between urban and rural areas in Xinxiang city has increased significantly in recent 50 years， indicating that the urban heat island effect is more and more significant. The climate warming is mainly the contribution of winter warming.

Keywords： heat island effect; urban and rural areas; temperature; heat island intensity; urban development

新鄉市地處河南省北部，屬中原地區，北依太行，南臨黃河，地理坐標為東經113°23′—115°01′，北緯34°53′—35°50′，緊鄰省會鄭州，是豫北地區重要的交通樞紐城市和中原地區重要的商品糧與工業基地。近半個世紀，新鄉市城市規模不斷擴大，城市化進程的不斷推進，對區域氣候的影響日益明顯。城鄉氣溫變化特征與城市規模、人口密度、工業化進程等因素密切相關，隨著新鄉城市化進程的不斷推進，眾多建筑拔地而起，造成城市下墊面改變，工業化的迅速發展釋放有害氣體和粉塵，使原有的區域氣候發生改變。