過去進行時講與練

李建高

過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行或發生的動作。

★ 過去進行時的基本構成

過去進行時由“助動詞be的過去式（was / were） + 動詞的現在分詞”構成，其中was用于第一、三人稱單數，were用于第二人稱單、復數和其他人稱的復數。

肯定句為“主語 + was / were + V-ing”。如：

She was scared because a man was following her at that time.

她很害怕，因為當時有一個男人在跟蹤她。

The Smiths were having breakfast at 6：00 this morning.

今天早上6點史密斯一家正在吃早飯。

否定句為“主語 + was / were + not + V-ing”。如：

Alice wasn’t doing her homework when her mom came back.

當她媽媽回來時，愛麗絲沒有在做作業。

一般疑問句為“Was / Were + 主語 + V-ing”，肯定回答為Yes， 主語 + was / were，否定回答為No， 主語 + wasn’t / weren’t。如：

—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday？

昨天這個時候你的父母在看電視嗎？

—Yes， they were. / No， they weren’t.

是的，他們在看。/不，他們沒在看。

特殊疑問句為“疑問詞（組） + was / were + 主語 + V-ing？”如：

What were you doing when I called you up？

我給你打電話的時候你在干什么？

★ 過去進行時的基本用法

1. 過去進行時表示過去某個具體時刻或某一段時間內正在進行或持續進行的動作，常與之連用的時間狀語有then， at that time / moment， at this time yesterday （last night / Sunday / week...）， at+幾點鐘+yesterday（last night / Sunday...）， those days， from 9 to 11 yesterday morning， the whole morning等。如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

昨天這個時候我正在做作業。

They were playing football at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午4點他們正在踢足球。

2. 過去進行時還可以表示過去同時發生的兩個持續性的動作，常用while或when連接，從句中要用延續性動詞作謂語。如：

When / While my father was reading a newspaper， I was drawing a horse.

當我父親在讀報紙的時候，我正在畫一匹馬。

3. 用于對比發生在過去的持續性動作和短暫性動作，可以用when或while將兩個動作連接起來。這時，持續性動作用過去進行時，而短暫性動作用一般過去時，即：“一般過去時 + while / when + 過去進行時”或“過去進行時 + when + 一般過去時”。如：

While I was listening to music， the door opened.

我正在聽音樂的時候，門開了。

The students were playing games when Mr Wang came in.

學生們正在做游戲，這時王老師進來了。

[有些動詞通常不用于過去進行時，如like， love， hate等表示心理狀態、情感的動詞;appear， seem等表示表象的動詞;see， feel， sound等感官動詞;allow， decide， end等短暫性動詞。][注意]

★ 一般過去時與過去進行時的區別

1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，動作往往已經完成或結束;而過去進行時則表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作，動作往往還未完成。如：

Jim wrote a letter to his friend last night.

昨晚吉姆給他的朋友寫了一封信。（信寫完了）

Jim was writing a letter to his friend when his father came back.

他爸爸回來的時候，吉姆正在給他的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完）

2. 一般過去時和過去進行時都可以表示過去某段時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，但一般過去時只說明過去發生了某事的事實，而過去進行時常用來說明持續性的動作或狀態，側重于動作持續時間的長度。如：

My grandpa worked in the factory ten years ago.

我爺爺10年前在這個工廠工作。

I often went swimming while I was living in Dalian.

我在大連住的時候經常去游泳。

◎ 真題回放

1. （2020·遼寧·撫順） —Why didn’t Alice come to the party last night？

—Because she online classes at that time.

A. takes B. took C. was taking D. has taken

【答案與解析】C. 依據句中的時間狀語at that time判斷，答句要用過去進行時，故選C。

2. （2020·貴州·黔西南） While Mike computer games in his room， his dad came in.

A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays

【答案與解析】B. 句意：邁克正在他的房間里玩電腦游戲時，他的爸爸回來了。while引導時間狀語從句時，從句中要用進行時態。本題主句為一般過去時，因此從句中要用過去進行時，故選B。

【即時演練】

一、單項選擇。

1. —Were you at home from 8 pm to 10 pm yesterday？

—Yes. I a volleyball match on TV.

A. watched B. was watching C. will watch D. am watching

2. Jack in the street he met an old classmate the day before yesterday.

A. was walking; while B. walked; when

C. walked; while D. was walking; when

3. —Why did you shout so excitedly just now？

—Because a strange bird past my window. I never saw one like that before.

A. is flying B. was flying C. flies D. will fly

4. —Did your aunt catch her train this afternoon？

—Yes. The train . Luckily， she got on it at the last moment.

A. was leaving B. left C. is leaving D. will leave

5. —Why do you make so many mistakes in your homework， Sam？

—Sorry， Sir. I about the coming picnic all the time in your last class.

A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking

二、按要求改寫下列句子，每空一詞。

1. Jane was taking a shower at 8：30 last night. （改為否定句）

Jane a shower at 8：30 last night.

2. They were playing football when it began to rain. （改為一般疑問句）

they football when it began to rain？

3. Were you reading while your mother was watching TV？ （作肯定回答）

Yes， .

4. Li Ming watches Animal World every day. （改為過去進行時）

Li Ming Animal World at this time yesterday.

5. My mother was cooking when I got home. （對畫線部分提問）

your mother when you got home？

參考答案：

一、1～5 BDBAD

二、1. wasn’t taking 2. Were; playing 3. I was 4. was watching 5. What was; doing