周美玉 韓財安 李達 江俊勇



摘 要:對江西南昌和上高的野生泥鰍的營養成分進行了測定分析,結果表明,南昌泥鰍和上高泥鰍的水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白質含量分別為76.9%、1.1%、1.3%、19.9%和77.3%、1.3%、1.4%、19.2%。南昌泥鰍的18種氨基酸總量略高于上高泥鰍,分別為20.1%、18.7%;其中甘氨酸、脯氨酸和色氨酸含量以上高泥鰍稍高,其他15種氨基酸均以南昌泥鰍含量稍高;含量最高的均為谷氨酸、天門冬氨酸、賴氨酸和亮氨酸,最低的均為胱氨酸和色氨酸;人體必需氨基酸和鮮味氨基酸含量均以南昌泥鰍的略高。2地泥鰍肌肉中均檢測出21種脂肪酸,其中飽和脂肪酸和單不飽和脂肪酸以南昌泥鰍含量稍高,多不飽和脂肪酸以上高泥鰍的含量稍高。總體而言,江西省內生態環境優良,野生泥鰍的營養價值較高。
關鍵詞:江西省;野生泥鰍;營養成分;蛋白質;氨基酸;脂肪酸
中圖分類號 S917.4文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731(2021)19-0077-03
Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Wild Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Jiangxi Province
ZHOU Meiyu et al.
(Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang 330200, China)
Abstract: The nutrient compositions of wild Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Nanchang and Shanggao of Jiangxi Province were analyzed. The water content, ash, crude fat and crude protein of Nanchang and Shanggao M. anguillicaudatus were 76.4%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 18.1% and 71.8%, 1.1%, 8.0%, 18.6%, respectively. The total of 18 amino acids of Nanchang′s (20.1%) was slightly higher than Shanggao′s (18.7%). In which, the contents of Glycine, Proline and Tryptophan were a little higher in Shanggao′s; and the other 15 amino acids were higher in Nanchang′s. The highest contents of amino acids both were Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Lysine and Leucine, while the lowest were Cystine and Tryptophan. Both of them, the contents of essential amino acids for human and the delicious amino acids were higher in Nanchang individuals. 21 kinds of fatty acids were both detected. The Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in Nanchang′s and the polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in Shanggao′s. Orerall, the ecological environment of Jiangxi Province was excellent, and the nutritional value of wild loach was high.
Key words: Jiangxi Province; Wild loach; Nutrient Composition; Protein; Amino acids; Fatty acids
泥鰍(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)隸屬于鯉形目鰍科,是雜食性的淡水魚類,其適應性強、抗病性好,在我國各地廣泛分布,是一種小型底層經濟魚類。泥鰍富含優質蛋白質、維生素、煙酸等,脂肪、膽固醇含量低,是肉質鮮美、營養豐富的水產品,有“水中人參”的美譽。江西省具有較豐富的泥鰍資源和優良的生態環境。本研究對江西省內南昌縣向塘鎮和上高縣蘆州鄉的2種野生泥鰍的營養成分進行了測定分析。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料 野生泥鰍分別于江西省南昌縣向塘鎮黃山小學附近(南昌泥鰍)和江西省上高縣蘆州鄉隆信水產良種繁殖場附近(上高泥鰍)用地籠抓獲,采樣地點如圖1所示。樣品均根據其典型特征進行種類鑒定。南昌泥鰍取樣5尾,平均體長(12.67±2.18)cm,平均體重(22.19±3.30)g;上高泥鰍取樣5尾,平均體長(11.23±1.78)cm,平均體重(19.98±2.71)g。
1.2 取樣 樣品先經過2d空腹養殖,再撈出吸干水分,除去頭部、皮膚、鰭、內臟和骨骼等,取肉質部分待測。
1.3 分析測定方法 水分:GB 5009.3-2016直接干燥法。灰分:GB 5009.4-2016灼燒法。蛋白質:GB 5009.5-2016凱氏定氮法。脂肪:GB 5009.6-2016索氏抽提法。脂肪酸:GB 5009.168-2016歸一化法。氨基酸:除色氨酸外,參照GB 5009.12-2016。其中,前處理和色譜條件如下。前處理:稱取適量樣品于水解管中,加入15ml鹽酸(1+1)溶液,抽真空3min;封口,于110℃烘箱水解22h~24h;取出冷卻到室溫后洗出,用氫氧化鈉溶液中和至中性;過濾分取1mL于10mL比色管中;加入0.5mol/L碳酸氫鈉溶液0.5mL、1% 2,4-二硝基氟苯乙腈溶液0.2mL搖勻,置60℃水浴中避光加熱衍生60min后取出;用pH=7磷酸鹽緩沖液定容到刻度,搖勻過0.45um濾膜進樣。色譜條件:Waters2695分離模塊,2996檢測器,流動相A為0.05mol/L三水合乙酸鈉水溶液+乙腈=1+1,流動相B為三水合乙酸鈉水溶液,色譜柱C18,進樣體積20uL,柱溫箱32℃,檢測波長355nm。色氨酸用氫氧化鉀水解,烘烤后加二甲氨基苯甲醛和亞硝酸鈉溶液,于590nm波長可見光分光光度計測定。