楊文波 楊輝 向芬 劉紅艷 李維 周凌云


摘要:茶輪斑病是茶樹葉片上一種重要的真菌性病害,可為害茶樹新梢、成葉與老葉,造成茶樹葉片脫落,樹勢衰弱,嚴重影響茶葉產量和品質。文章從茶輪斑病的分布與為害、病原菌生物學特征、流行規律和防治措施4個方面進行介紹,以期為茶輪斑病的識別和防治提供參考。
關鍵詞:茶輪斑病;病害癥狀;形態學特征;流行規律;防治措施
Identification and Control of Tea Grey Blight
YANG Wenbo1,2, YANG Hui1, XIANG Fen1, LIU Hongyan1, LI Wei1, ZHOU Lingyun1*
1. Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hunan Branch of National Center for Tea Improvement,
Changsha 410125, China; 2. College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Abstract: Tea grey blight is an important fungal disease that affects tea leaves from young to old as well as young
shoots, causing defoliation, week growth and low yield and quality of tea leaves. This paper includes the distribution
and damage of tea grey blight, morphological characteristics of its pathogen, epidemic regularity and control measures of
this disease, which provids references for identification and control of this disease in tea gardens.
Keywords: Tea grey blight, disease symptoms, morphological characteristics, epidemic regularity, control measures
茶輪斑病(Tea grey blight)是最嚴重的茶樹葉部病害之一,又名茶梢枯死病,主要由植物病原真菌擬盤多毛孢屬(Pestalotiopsis sp.)侵染引起。茶輪斑病主要為害成葉和老葉,也可為害嫩梢等,引起葉片枯萎脫落,甚至整株死亡,對茶葉的產量、品質造成嚴重影響[1]。近年來,我國對茶輪斑病致病菌鑒定有陸續報道,發現引起該病的病原菌具有多樣性,其致病菌擬盤多毛孢屬真菌種類較多,生物學特性差異大,給茶輪斑病病害的防治帶來困難。目前防治該病害主要依靠化學殺菌劑,以多菌靈、甲基托布津、銅制劑等為主,同時逐步應用生物殺菌劑,如假單胞菌、芽孢桿菌等茶拮抗菌,武夷菌素、油茶皂素、春雷霉素、寧南霉素等抗生素,洋金花等約30種植物提取物也可用于該病的防治[2-6]。本文對茶輪斑病的分布與為害、病原菌生物學特征、流行規律進行論述,在對該病具有清晰的認識基礎上,提出綜合防治措施建議,以期為實際生產中對茶輪斑病的防控提供參考。
一、分布與為害
茶輪斑病在國外廣泛分布于印度、日本等茶區,在國內各茶區也均有發生[7-9],茶輪斑病在嫩梢、成葉與老葉上的病斑呈圓形或不規則形,黃褐色至黑褐色,上生濃黑色墨汁狀小粒點的子實體,沿輪紋排列。……