曾經得






摘要:為探究鐵觀音加工過程中主要香氣成分變化規律,以安溪鐵觀音春茶中開面三四葉為原料,采用氣相色譜質譜聯用儀(GC-MS)對鐵觀音加工過程關鍵環節樣品的香氣成分進行測定。結果表明,檢測出的香氣物質為90~130種,其中相對含量排前10的分別為羅勒烯、橙花叔醇、水楊酸甲酯、芳樟醇、香葉醇、法呢烯、欖香烯、(Z)-己酸-3-己烯酯、吲哚、茉莉內酯,且羅勒烯、橙花叔醇等茶葉香氣的主要成分在加工過程中呈增加趨勢。研究結果可為進一步挖掘安溪鐵觀音的產地優勢、品種優勢、加工工藝優勢,以及加工工藝對鐵觀音品質的影響提供參考。
關鍵詞:鐵觀音;茶葉加工;揮發性物質;香氣;變化規律
Analysis on the Changing Pattern of Volatile
Substances in the Processing of Anxi Tieguanyin
ZENG Jingde
Tea Technology Extension Station of Anxi County, Anxi 362400, China
Abstract: In order to explore the changing pattern of main aroma components in the processing of Tieguanyin, the
aroma components in the key links of Tieguanyin processing were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectro-
metry (GC-MS). The results show that 90 ~ 130 aroma substances were detected in these samples, among which the
top ten were ocimene, nerolidol, methyl salicylate, linalool, geraniol, farnesene, elemene, (Z)-Caproic acid-3-hexene
ester, indole, Z-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-2-pyranone. The main aroma components including ocimene and
nerolidol showed an increasing trend during the processing. The experiment provided a reference for further exploring
the origin, cultivar and processing technology advantages of Anxi Tieguanyin, and clarifying the impact of processing
technology on the quality of Tieguanyin.
Keywords: Tieguanyin tea, tea processing, volatile substances, aroma, changing pattern
鐵觀音發源于福建安溪,有著悠久的歷史,優越的栽培環境、特殊的加工技藝形成了鐵觀音獨特的“觀音韻”。鐵觀音清香幽雅,獨具音韻,具有天然蘭花香,且具有一定的保健功效,受到眾多茶客的喜愛[1]。
香氣是影響鐵觀音風味、品質及等級評定的重要指標之一[2]。茶葉香氣即揮發性物質成分,在茶鮮葉中所占比例極低,僅占茶葉干物質質量的0.01%~0.05%。茶葉品質一般通過感官審評進行判別,在烏龍茶審評中,香氣權重在感官審評評分中高達30%[3]。
郭麗等[4]研究發現,烏龍茶加工過程中環境條件和加工工藝會影響茶葉揮發性成分的保留量;研究發現,鐵觀音的香氣成分主要可分為醇類、醛類、酮類、酸類、酯類、酚類、碳氫類以及含氮化合物等[5]。茶葉香氣種類復雜多樣,各種香氣化合物相對含量的多少、所占比例的高低,是茶葉香型形成的關鍵。……