徐暢 陳詩(shī)典 何華鋒 尹軍峰 王輝 張威




摘要:針對(duì)海南紅茶加工過(guò)程中的萎凋、發(fā)酵2個(gè)關(guān)鍵工序,比較不同處理的茶樣中茶多酚、黃酮、氨基酸以及茶色素等組分,結(jié)合紅茶樣品的感官品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià),篩選優(yōu)化萎凋葉含水量、發(fā)酵時(shí)間等關(guān)鍵因子,最終得出萎凋葉含水率63%~65%、空氣溫度32 ℃ 、相對(duì)濕度 90%條件下發(fā)酵3.5 h制作的大葉種紅茶感官品質(zhì)以及品質(zhì)組分的含量最佳。研究結(jié)果可為海南大葉種紅茶的科學(xué)規(guī)范加工提供理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:海南紅茶;萎凋;發(fā)酵;優(yōu)化;品質(zhì)分析
Optimization and Quality Analysis of the Crucial
Procedure for the Manufacture of Hainan Black Tea
XU Chang1, CHEN Shidian2, HE Huafeng1*, YIN Junfeng1, WANG Hui3, ZHANG Wei4
1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;2. Wuzhishan Big Leaf Tea
Research Institute, Wuzhishan 572200, China;3. Flavor Beverage Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture
Science, Wanning 571500, China;4. Hainan Nongken Wuzhishan Tea Industry Group Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Abstract: Native tea cultivars originated from Hainan province are suitable for the manufacture of black tea. Focused
on the two crucial processes of black tea processing (withering and fermentation), comparative analysis of quality
components such as tea polyphenols, flavonoids, amino acids, and tea pigments was conducted. And combined with
the sensory quality evaluation of black tea samples, the withering water content, fermentation time, etc. were screened
and optimized. The result finds that the optimal condition for black tea (taking Hainan big leaf species as the material)
was withering water content of 63%~65%, fermentation at 32 ℃, RH 90% for 3.5 h. The research results would
provide a technological scheme for the scientific processing of Hainan big leaf black tea.
Keywords: Hainan black tea, withering, fermentation, optimization, quality analysis
茶葉由多年生山茶科植物茶樹(Camellia
sinensis)的嫩梢經(jīng)加工制得,其風(fēng)味品質(zhì)受地域性氣候、土壤以及加工處理方式影響顯著。海南是我國(guó)主要的熱帶產(chǎn)茶地區(qū)之一,其地處熱帶海洋性季風(fēng)氣候區(qū),茶樹生產(chǎn)期可達(dá)10個(gè)月以上,且海南土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高,降水充沛,非常適宜茶樹生長(zhǎng)。然而,熱帶島嶼的獨(dú)特屬性導(dǎo)致其在一定程度上存在茶樹品種、加工工藝等的差異[1]。當(dāng)?shù)刂髟缘拇笕~群體種茶樹,其葉張大、葉片薄,鮮葉酚氨比值相對(duì)較高,適宜于加工高品質(zhì)的紅茶。特別是海南茶葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)五指山市盛產(chǎn)的五指山紅茶,以其“琥珀色、奶蜜香”的優(yōu)異品質(zhì)入列國(guó)家地理標(biāo)志保護(hù)產(chǎn)品[2]。然而,相較于國(guó)外紅茶的“濃、強(qiáng)、鮮”,海南大葉種紅茶的品質(zhì)仍有待進(jìn)一步提升,且受前期海南經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的影響,海南紅茶生產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期存在著產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)?;?、組織化程度低,加工水平和裝備落后等問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)丶t茶生產(chǎn)品質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,嚴(yán)重制約當(dāng)?shù)丶t茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展?!?br>