茶園秋季干旱的危害及應對措施

申瑞寒 馬立鋒

摘要：秋季干旱在我國茶區的發生越來越頻繁，秋旱發生時，如茶樹正處于秋梢生長時期，會導致秋梢滯長;如茶樹已進入休眠期，茶樹葉片光合作用和根系養分的吸收受到明顯抑制，以及由于水分虧缺而造成一系列代謝失調，使翌年春茶的產量、品質下降，嚴重影響茶農收入。因此，做好秋季旱害的防治顯得更為重要，特別是只采春季名優茶的茶園尤其需要重視。文章介紹了秋旱的成因、危害、預防措施和旱后補救措施等，為應對秋季旱害提供技術措施。

關鍵詞：茶園;秋季干旱;旱害;應對措施

Damage and Countermeasures of Autumn

Drought in Tea Gardens

SHEN Ruihan1，2， MA Lifeng1*

1. Tea Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Biology and

Resource Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Hangzhou 310008， China;

2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China

Abstract： Autumn drought occurs more and more frequently in tea gardens of China. If tea plants are in the ?autumn

shoot growth period when autumn drought occurs， the shoots will not grow. If tea plants have entered the dormant stage

when the autumn drought occurs， photosynthesis of tea leaves and nutrient absorption of roots will be significantly

inhibited， and a series of metabolic disorders caused by water deficit will have obvious adverse effects on the yield

and quality of spring tea in the next year， which seriously affect the income of tea farmers. It is important to prevent

and control autumn drought， especially for the production mode of only picking famous spring tea. Therefore， this

paper introduced the causes， hazards， preventive measures and remedial measures of autumn drought， and provided

technical measures for dealing with autumn drought.

Keywords： tea garden， autumn drought， damage of drought， countermeasures

茶樹旱害是指在長期無雨或少雨的環境下，茶樹體內水分虧缺、生理代謝失調而形成的危害。水分攝入不足后，茶樹冠面葉片開始出現失水萎蔫，進而出現葉片焦枯，持續發展影響上層枝條干枯，直至整株枯死。

我國茶園主要分布在長江以南地區，該區域氣候適宜，水資源豐富，有利于茶樹生長，但也受到季風氣候影響，雨水季節性區域分布不均，茶樹旱害一年四季都可發生，其中夏季旱害和秋季旱害較為普遍。

夏季由于氣溫高，茶樹生長旺盛，當夏季旱害緩解后通過補救措施，一般樹勢都能快速恢復，明顯減輕對茶樹造成的危害。但是進入秋季后，氣溫、濕度比夏季明顯下降，若此時發生干旱，茶樹根系從土壤吸收的水分不能滿足自身代謝所需，體內水分平衡遭到破壞。空氣干燥加劇了葉片水分蒸騰，導致葉片失水萎蔫……