2020年12月大學英語四、六級作文試題評析（一）

馬小紅

四級

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Changes in the Way of Transportation”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

這道大學英語四級作文題目要求考生論述transportation方式的變化。為了明確所討論的話題，我們不妨用定義法開頭，即開篇先給transportation下一個通俗的定義，然后提出本文所要論述的主題：從獨木舟到宇宙飛船，我們人類見證了交通方式的巨大變化。

第二段分析交通方式發生巨大變化的原因。由于本文是一篇議論文而非說明文，所以分析原因就成了本文的重點。為了使分析透徹，我們不妨從兩個方面展開，而且每個方面都要有細節支撐。我們可以先指出科技發展是交通方式變化的推動力量。然后我們舉出一些例子證明這一點：在古代，我們只能徒步旅行或者騎馬和駱駝;隨著蒸汽機的問世，我們能夠乘坐汽車和火車旅行;現在由于民航的迅速發展，我們可以在周末坐飛機到國外旅行。接下來，我們再指出交通方式變化的另一個推動因素是生活水平的提高。比如，隨著經濟的快速發展，私家車的擁有量迅速增加，于是越來越多的人開車上下班。本文可以用建議法結尾。第三段先指出隨著科技的發展，我們會有更快、更安全和更方便的交通方式。然后建議優先發展公共交通，以緩解城市地區的交通擁堵。下面請看參考范文：

Transportation refers to any type of vehicle that we can travel in or carry goods in. From the canoe to the space shuttle， we human beings have witnessed dramatic changes in the way of transportation.

Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes. In ancient times， people simply travelled on foot or rode on camels and horses. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains. Now we can take a weekend trip abroad by air due to the fast development of civil aviation. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds. As a result， increasing numbers of people drive to and from work in the comfort of their cars.

With technology advancing， we will have faster， safer and more convenient transportation options. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （172 words）

語言亮點借鑒：

1. Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes.（技術進步是這些變化背后的推動力量。）

2. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains.（而隨著蒸汽機的問世，我們能夠乘坐輪船和火車到處旅行。）get around到處旅行。

3. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard.（另一個起作用的因素是生活水平的提高。）“Another contributing factor is …”是分析第二條原因的常見寫法。

4. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds.（例如，隨著經濟的快速發展，私家車的擁有量迅速增加。）by leaps and bounds（改善或增長）非常迅速地。

5. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （建議優先發展公共交通，以緩解城市地區的交通擁堵。）“It is advised that …”是提建議的一個常見句型，后面的從句要用虛擬語氣。public transport公共交通 = public transportation （AmE）。

六級

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be encouraged to develop effective communication skills. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

這道大學英語六級作文題目要求考生論述為什么學生應該被鼓勵提高有效的交流能力。記得2018年6月的大學英語四級作文曾經考過閱讀、寫作、口頭表達能力的重要性及如何培養。顯然，本題中的communication skills的含義更加廣泛，包括聽、說、讀、寫各個方面。

本文可以寫三個段落，第一段引出所要討論的話題。引出話題的方法多種多樣，本文不妨采用故事法，即作文的第一段先講一個故事。這種開頭富有人情味，能增強作文的可讀性。用故事法開頭要注意兩點：第一，故事要簡短，因為它只是一個引子;第二，故事要與文章的話題密切相關，能自然地引出所要討論的話題。第二段論述為什么學生應該被鼓勵提高有效的交際能力。為了使論述充分，我們要善于從不同的層面來展開論述。就本題而言，我們可以從事業和家庭兩個層面論述交際能力對學生的重要性。首先，從事業層面來說，一個善于交際的人能夠在面試中脫穎而出、找到工作并在工作中表現出色。然后引用某大學的一項研究來證明交際能力在職場上的重要性。其次，從家庭層面來說，良好的交際能力能讓人擁有美滿的家庭生活，因為有效的交流是家庭幸福的基石。接著我們再從反面論證，指出缺乏交際能力會導致家庭成員之間的誤解和摩擦。第三段先總結全文，指出有效的交際能力在個人和事業兩個方面對學生有幫助，然后水到渠成地建議學校重視鼓勵學生提高交際能力。下面請看參考范文：

Andy Wang， a top student of our department， has been crestfallen recently. He was turned down again at the job interview last week because of his poor communication skills. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.

Effective communication skills are vital for a student’s future career and family life. An effective communicator can ace an interview， get a job and excel in his work. A Stony Brook University study finds that the ability to communicate effectively with superiors， colleagues and clients is essential， regardless of the industry in which he works. Besides， good communication skills contribute to a satisfying home life， as effective communication is a cornerstone of family happiness. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.

It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators. （176 words）

語言亮點借鑒：

1. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.（王的例子并非個案，因為在當今社會交流被認為是一項最寶貴的技能。）

2. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.（另一方面，缺乏交流經常導致家庭成員之間的誤解和摩擦。）on the other hand另一方面，表示上下文之間是轉折或對比的關系。

3. It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional.（毫不夸張地說，有效的交流技巧會在生活的各個方面幫助學生，不管是個人方面還是職業方面。）由whether引導的讓步狀語從句多用虛擬語氣。

4. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators.（因此，學校領導應當特別重視鼓勵學生成為交際高手。）make it a point to do sth特別重視做某事。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? □