小西湖街區(qū)保護(hù)與再生，南京，中國

東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司，東南大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院

客戶與承建方：南京歷史城區(qū)保護(hù)建設(shè)集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司

主持建筑師：韓冬青

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊：東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司，東南大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院

項目負(fù)責(zé)人：韓冬青

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司

施工圖設(shè)計：東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司

場地面積：4.69hm2

設(shè)計時間：2016.12-2019.12

繪圖：東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司，東南大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院

攝影：侯博文

Client & Construction Team:Nanjing Historic City Protection and Construction Group Co.,Ltd.

Principal Architect:HAN Dongqing

Design Team:Architects & Engineers Co.,Ltd.of Southeast University;School of Architecture,Southeast University

Principal-In-Charge:HAN Dongqing Structural Design:Architects & Engineers Co.,Ltd.of Southeast University

Architects of Record:Architects & Engineers Co.,Ltd.of Southeast University

Site Area:4.69 hm2

Design Period:2016.12-2019.12

Drawings:Architects & Engineers Co.,Ltd.of Southeast University;School of Architecture,Southeast University

Photos:HOU Bowen

南京老城南小西湖街區(qū)是南京市歷史風(fēng)貌區(qū)之一,用地面積4.69hm2。留存歷史街巷7條、文保單位2 處、歷史建筑7 處、傳統(tǒng)院落30余處，是南京為數(shù)不多比較完整保留明清風(fēng)貌特征的居住型街區(qū)之一。經(jīng)過復(fù)雜的歷史變遷，小西湖街區(qū)的價值逐漸淹沒于激增的人口和衰敗的環(huán)境之中。改造前有800 余戶居民和25家工企單位，居住人口3000 余人。該項目由東南大學(xué)團(tuán)隊承擔(dān)規(guī)劃設(shè)計。南京歷史城區(qū)保護(hù)建設(shè)集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)項目實施。現(xiàn)已完成一期工程，總建筑面積約12,000m2。

項目組在居民意愿和逐戶產(chǎn)權(quán)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，通過規(guī)劃編制、政策機(jī)制、遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)修繕、市政管網(wǎng)、街巷環(huán)境、參與性設(shè)計建設(shè)等一系列創(chuàng)新性探索，形成多元主體參與、持續(xù)推進(jìn)的“小尺度、漸進(jìn)式”保護(hù)再生路徑。通過連續(xù)5 年的設(shè)計和改造建設(shè)，昔日擁擠、雜亂、破舊的內(nèi)街已經(jīng)變成了社區(qū)居民和游客共享的公共空間。小西湖街區(qū)保護(hù)與再生實踐從一開始就放棄了街巷風(fēng)貌整治的既有模式，而是基于兩個相互交織的基本線索：一是歷史空間記憶的再現(xiàn)；二是居民日常公共生活場所的自然生成與拓展。

（1）劃定公共空間邊界

在考察不同權(quán)屬地塊構(gòu)成和街巷結(jié)構(gòu)的歷史演變的基礎(chǔ)上，通過15 個“規(guī)劃管控單元”及其內(nèi)部“微更新實施單元”的兩級管控體系，劃定了作為街區(qū)內(nèi)部永久性公共空間的街巷邊界。

（2）重塑歷史空間節(jié)點

自由轉(zhuǎn)折的線性街巷聯(lián)結(jié)著“翔鸞廟”和“三官堂”等歷史空間節(jié)點，由此再現(xiàn)了這一古老街區(qū)的內(nèi)街結(jié)構(gòu)。保留下來的古樹，見證了此地歷久彌新的生機(jī)。

（3）完善市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

突破既有技術(shù)規(guī)范的地下“微型管廊”保障了街道及其兩側(cè)地塊的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求，并提供作為科普功能的露明展示。

Nanjing Old Town's Xiaoxihu Block is one of the city's few remaining historical neighbourhoods with internal courtyards.Following our design in the past five years,the area transformed from a crowded,chaotic,and dilapidated neighbourhood into an organised and historically-enhanced community shared by residents and visitors.From the beginning,our exploration abandoned the general working mode of streetscape renovation and instead focused on two basic intertwined goals:(1) the reemergence of historical memory;(2) the natural generation and expansion of residents' daily life.

(1) Delimit Public Space Boundaries

Based on the investigation of the composition of different land properties and the historical evolution of street frames,the design team delimited boundaries of the public realm by using a two-level control system:15 "planning control units" and their internal "micro-renewal implementation units."

(2) Reconstruct Historical Spatial Nodes

Walking through the carefully preserved inner streets between the "Xiangluan Temple" and "Sanguan Tang",pedestrians can now experience the historical character of these ancient inner streets in the same way people had hundreds of years ago.Trees were also preserved on-site as symbols of age and history.

(3) Upgrade Infrastructure

The underground "miniature pipelines" breaking the existing technical specifications provide necessary civil infrastructure for blocks along the streets.The design team also constructed a hollowed-out gallery of the pipelines for public display.

1 街景Street view

2 總平面Site plan

3-5 平移安置房Resettlement house

（4）增設(shè)公共服務(wù)設(shè)施

沿街補(bǔ)充的公共服務(wù)設(shè)施和小店鋪，絕大部分來自對既有建筑的改造和利用。僅有少量結(jié)合市政設(shè)施的小體量新建筑。

（5）鼓勵居民自主更新

私家院宅、店鋪、客舍沿街交織鑲嵌，促成了生活性街道的多樣性和包容性。向居民和游客開放的臨街私家院落，成為街道空間的延伸，也展現(xiàn)了在地居民的好客與友善。

（6）營造街巷公共活力。街道的陳設(shè)是總體設(shè)計與沿街店主自由發(fā)揮兩相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，物盡其用、便利游人。

由此，街道、公共設(shè)施、庭院，共同構(gòu)成了聯(lián)結(jié)歷史記憶與當(dāng)代日常生活的內(nèi)街公共空間。街區(qū)居民和經(jīng)營者既是享有者也是締造者，成為街道空間生機(jī)永續(xù)的根本。□

評審評語

小西湖街區(qū)是南京市中心僅存的幾個雖被忽視但仍保留了歷史悠久的院落肌理及社會結(jié)構(gòu)的街區(qū)之一。該更新項目是一個恰如其分的小規(guī)模城市改造的典范。項目盡可能保留原有的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，僅在必要時進(jìn)行最低限度的改善和修復(fù)。在修復(fù)的過程中，城市公共空間被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)和重新塑造。改造是在不產(chǎn)生破壞的情況下進(jìn)行的，并且以一種不拘教條的方式尊重多元的本地歷史。項目的實施是與教學(xué)同步的，這一點值得特別贊揚(yáng)，因為它的模式有望被許多未來的建筑從業(yè)者運(yùn)用到其他項目中。（母卓爾 譯）

(4) Provide Public Service Facilities

Historical buildings were renovated and transformed into small shops,hotels,restaurants,and other service facilities.In addition,newly constructed buildings were designed within the context of the existing historic architecture.As a result,the community became an inclusive,attractive,and diverse living area while staying true to the local vernacular.

(5) Encourage Residents To Make Self-Renewal Efforts

Private courtyard dwellings,shops,and homestays were inlaid along the street,contributing to the diversity and inclusiveness of living streets.These private courtyards now open up to neighbours and tourists to become an extension of the street space and show the residents' hospitality and friendliness.

(6) Create Public Vitality

The streetscape design incorporated different scales of intervention,combining the overall urban plan with the individual initiatives of shopkeepers to make the best use of space while catering to the district's visitors.

By not erasing Xiaoxihu's past but rather enhancing it,our renovation efforts redefined the streetscape while addressing its urban needs.The new street system,public facilities,and private courtyards now connect historical memory with contemporary daily life.As a result,we not only redeveloped the block's built environment but the community also achieved greater resilience through our approach of engaging the residents and operators as both creators and users.□

6-11 共生院Symbiosis House

12-16 花間堂Blossom hill hotel

17.18 街景Street views

19 歷史空間節(jié)點：翔鸞廟Historical spatial nodes:Xiangluan Temple

20 街景Street view

21 私人院落Private Courtyard

22 共生院Symbiosis House

23.24 公共設(shè)施與活動Public facilities and events

25 街景Street view

Jury Statement

The Xiaoxihu District is one of the few remaining neighbourhoods in downtown Nanjing that was in neglect but still maintained its historic courtyard structure and the associated social fabric.The renewal project is a successful example of a sensible,small scale urban renovation.The existing structures are kept where possible and only minimally improved and repaired where necessary.In the process of repair,the common urban space is being rediscovered and re-invented.Change is effected without disruption,the varied local history is being respected without dogma.The fact that this project has been conducted in the context of an educational situation deserves particular praise as it will hopefully be replicated by numerous future practitioners.

26 社區(qū)入口Entrance of the community