束放 郭永旺 秦萌 趙中華 王海波 唐啟義







摘要
本文基于2015年 2019年全國農(nóng)戶農(nóng)藥購買和使用情況的抽樣調(diào)查,對長江流域5省16個縣(市、區(qū))冬小麥用藥情況8個指標的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行了統(tǒng)計分析。結果表明,以農(nóng)藥毒性指數(shù)評價小麥農(nóng)藥減量增效好于其他指標,該指標可為定量、合理評估小麥科學安全使用農(nóng)藥提供依據(jù),并可作為政府決策、技術部門指導小麥生產(chǎn)用藥和減量使用的參考。
??關鍵詞
冬小麥;農(nóng)藥毒性指數(shù);農(nóng)藥減量增效
中圖分類號:
S48
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.16688/j.zwbh.2020640
Study and application of the evaluation indexes of wheat pesticide reduction and efficiency in the Yangtze River Basin
SHU Fang1,GUO Yongwang1,QIN Meng1,ZHAO Zhonghua1,WANG Haibo2,TANG Qiyi3*
(1.National Agrotechnical Extension and Service Center, Beijing100125, China; 2. Plant
Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing210036, China;
3. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China)
Abstract
Based on the sampling survey of farmers’ pesticide purchase and use in China from 2015 to 2019, the monitoring data of eight indicators of winter wheat drug use in 16 counties (cities, districts) of five provinces in the Yangtze River Basin were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the toxicity index was better than other indexes in evaluating the reduction and efficiency of wheat pesticides. This index can provide a basis for quantitative and reasonable evaluation of the scientific and safe use of pesticides in wheat, and can be used as a reference for government decisionmaking and technical departments to guide the use of pesticides in wheat production.
Key words
winter wheat;pesticide toxicity index;pesticide reduction and efficiency
冬小麥是我國主要糧食作物之一,不同年份、不同地域小麥病蟲害發(fā)生情況不同,冬小麥上農(nóng)藥的使用品種和用藥量波動較大。一直以來,人們對農(nóng)作物上農(nóng)藥減量增效的關注點主要在農(nóng)藥商品量(實物量)和折百量(有效成分量)上,但由于各個農(nóng)藥品種的含量、對靶標生物毒性以及對環(huán)境的影響千差萬別,僅靠商品量和折百量等傳統(tǒng)指標不足以客觀評價農(nóng)藥減量增效工作[1 5]。作者依托全國農(nóng)藥械信息管理系統(tǒng)(ACMIS),對2015年 2019年長江流域冬小麥用藥的農(nóng)戶抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析,以期通過對冬小麥畝用藥商品量、畝用藥折百量、毒性強度等指標進行綜合分析,篩選出能夠多角度反映農(nóng)藥用量變化趨勢、減量控害走向的指標,明確能供政府、技術部門指導小麥生產(chǎn)用藥,合理評估小麥用藥的科學指標,為農(nóng)藥科學安全使用和農(nóng)藥減量增效提供依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1農(nóng)藥使用數(shù)據(jù)來源及調(diào)查指標……p>