草地貪夜蛾對(duì)云南德宏玉米經(jīng)濟(jì)損失評(píng)估及防治措施調(diào)查

萬(wàn)敏 太紅坤 顧蕊 王根權(quán) 劉峙 米倩倩 張金平 李紅梅 王振營(yíng) 聶鳳英 張峰

摘要

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda自2019年1月入侵我國(guó)云南以來(lái)，快速蔓延為害，嚴(yán)重威脅我國(guó)的玉米生產(chǎn)和糧食安全。本研究基于云南省德宏州351份玉米農(nóng)戶(hù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，利用以直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和防治費(fèi)用為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失評(píng)估模型，估算了2019年草地貪夜蛾對(duì)德宏州玉米生產(chǎn)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，并分析了農(nóng)戶(hù)實(shí)際采用的防治措施。結(jié)果表明，2019年草地貪夜蛾對(duì)德宏州玉米生產(chǎn)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約為1 399.29萬(wàn)元，其中，玉米產(chǎn)量變化造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約為366.51萬(wàn)元，農(nóng)戶(hù)防治投入增加和政府宣傳、培訓(xùn)和防治等費(fèi)用支出約為1 032.78萬(wàn)元。本研究不但為了解草地貪夜蛾對(duì)我國(guó)不同地區(qū)作物生產(chǎn)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失提供例證，也為因地制宜地制定草地貪夜蛾防治策略提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

??關(guān)鍵詞

草地貪夜蛾;玉米;農(nóng)戶(hù)調(diào)查;經(jīng)濟(jì)損失

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：

S433.4

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020603

Economic loss assessment of maize production caused by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and investigation of control strategies in

Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province

WAN Min1，TAI Hongkun2，4，GU Rui3，WANG Genquan2，LIU Zhi1，MI Qianqian1，

ZHANG Jinping1，LI Hongmei1，WANG Zhenying1，5，NIE Fengying3，ZHANG Feng1，5*

（1. MARACABI Joint Laboratory for Biosafety， Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of

Agricultural Sciences， Beijing100193， China; 2. Plant Protection and Quarantine Station， Dehong

Prefecture， Mangshi678400， China; 3. Agricultural Information Institute， Chinese Academy of

Agricultural Sciences， Beijing100081， China; 4. Seed Management Station， Dehong Prefecture，

Mangshi678400， China; 5. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests，

Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing100193， China）

Abstract

Since its first invasion in Yunnan province in January 2019， the fall armyworm， Spodoptera frugiperda， has spread rapidly and seriously threatened maize production and food security in China. In the present study， we conducted farmer survey and collected data from 351 maize farmers in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province. Thereby the economic losses caused by the fall armyworm to maize production in Dehong prefecture in 2019 were calculated by using the economic loss assessment model based on direct economic loss and management costs. Control practices used by farmers to manage the fall armyworm and sources of recommendations were also analyzed. The results showed that the economic loss caused by the fall armyworm to maize production in Dehong prefecture in 2019 was about 13.992 9 million Yuan， among which the direct economic loss caused by the change of maize yield was around 3.665 1 million Yuan， and the management costs such as increased farmers’ expenses in control and government’s investment in publicity， training and prevention and control activities was around 10.327 8 million Yuan. The findings gained from this study provide evidence for understanding the economic losses caused by fall armyworm to crop production in different regions of China， and will help develop sciencebased fall armyworm management strategies adapted to local conditions.

Key words

fall armyworm;maize;farmer survey;economic loss

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J. E. Smith）俗稱(chēng)秋黏蟲(chóng)，英文名fall armyworm（FAW），是一種原產(chǎn)于美洲熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)的遷飛性農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng)[1 -2]。草地貪夜蛾適生區(qū)域?qū)挕⒓闹鞣秶鷱V、繁殖能力強(qiáng)、擴(kuò)散速度快，2016年入侵非洲[3- 5]，2018年進(jìn)入亞洲[6- 7]，2020年蔓延至大洋洲的澳大利亞[8]。目前，草地貪夜蛾已擴(kuò)散并分布在全球100余個(gè)國(guó)家[9]，成為世界性重大農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng)[10 -12]。有研究表明，在田間種群發(fā)生較重情況下，草地貪夜蛾在美洲和非洲造成玉米減產(chǎn)20%～72%[13 -15]，嚴(yán)重威脅玉米種植戶(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和全球糧食安全。

草地貪夜蛾于2019年1月由緬甸侵入我國(guó)云南，主要為害玉米和甘蔗等作物[16- 18]。……