寧夏馬鈴薯晚疫病菌交配型和生理小種研究

王喜剛 郭成瑾 張麗榮 胡麗杰 沈瑞清

摘要

為明確寧夏回族自治區馬鈴薯主產區晚疫病菌的交配型種類以及生理小種的類型、組成和分布，為寧夏有針對性地選育馬鈴薯抗晚疫病品種提供科學依據。利用A1、A2交配型標準菌株和含有11個主效抗性基因的鑒別寄主，對2018年-2019年從原州區、涇源縣、彭陽縣、隆德縣、西吉縣、鹽池縣、海原縣采集得到的130個馬鈴薯晚疫病菌菌株進行交配型和生理小種鑒定。結果表明，寧夏馬鈴薯晚疫病菌群體的交配型和生理小種存在多樣性，采集地交配型有A1、A2、SF（自育型）3類，分別占被測菌株的30%、63.8%、6.2%;生理小種有8種類型，其中生理小種1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11發生頻率最高，占被測菌株總數的44.62%，是寧夏馬鈴薯主栽區的晚疫病菌優勢小種，在各測試地均有分布;次優勢小種為3.4.10和1.2.3.5.6.7.8.11，發生頻率分別為12.31%和10.77%。寧夏不同種植區域馬鈴薯晚疫病菌交配型組成復雜，采集地組成差異較大，但西吉縣、原州區交配型年度間的變化基本趨于一致。寧夏馬鈴薯晚疫病菌群體組成日趨復雜，生產中要合理布局已有抗病品種，挖掘培育抗病水平高的新品種，綜合防控馬鈴薯晚疫病。

??關鍵詞

馬鈴薯晚疫病;交配型;生理小種;寧夏

中圖分類號：

S435.32

文獻標識碼：A

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020545

Investigation of mating type and physiological race of Phytophthora infestans from Ningxia

WANG Xigang，GUO Chengjin，ZHANG Lirong，HU Lijie，SHEN Ruiqing*

（Institute of Plant Protection， Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan750002， China）

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine mating types of Phytophthora infestans and the types， composition and distribution of physiological race in Ningxia Hui Autonomous， so as to provide references for late blight resistance breeding in potato and disease control. 130 isolates from potato collected from Yuanzhou district， Jingyuan county， Pengyang county， Longde county， Xiji county， Yanchi county and Haiyuan county from 2018 to 2019 were tested with A1， A2 mating type and 11 monogene R1 R11 potato clones of potato late blight differential host. The results showed that the mating type and physiological races of P.infestans populations in Ningxia are diversified. The mating types at the collection site are A1， A2， and SF （selffertility mating type）， accounting for 30%， 63.8% and 6.2% of the tested strains， respectively. There are eight types of physiological races， among which the physiological race 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 has the highest occurrence frequency， accounting for 44.62% of the total number of the tested strains， which was the dominant race in the main potato cultivation area in Ningxia and distributed in each test site. The secondary dominant races were 3.4.10 and 1.2.3.5.6.7.8.11， with the frequency of 12.31% and 10.77%， respectively. The composition of mating type of P.infestans in different planting areas of Ningxia is complex， and the composition of collection sites is quite different， but the annual variation of mating type in Xiji and Guyuan regions tends to be consistent. The composition of potato late blight population in Ningxia is becoming more and more complex. In production， it is necessary to rationally arrange available diseaseresistant varieties， dig out and cultivate new varieties with high disease resistance， for potato late blight control.

Key words

potato late blight;mating type;physiological race;Ningxia

馬鈴薯是我國第四大重要糧食作物，具有土壤適應性強、營養豐富、產量高、綜合加工用途廣等特性。馬鈴薯生長過程中易受早疫病、環腐病、晚疫病、黑痣病以及馬鈴薯蟲害的影響， 其中晚疫病是馬鈴薯生產中最具威脅性的病害之一。……