山東煙臺地區蘋果園和桃園主要害蟲及天敵昆蟲發生動態

楊雪琳 喬折艷 朱高鋒 賈煜婕 孫圣杰 劉小俠

摘要

山東煙臺地區是我國蘋果和桃的重要產區。本研究利用性誘劑誘捕器和黃色粘蟲板調查煙臺地區果園中主要害蟲和其他常見害蟲及天敵昆蟲的發生動態。結果表明：山東煙臺地區蘋果園和桃園中主要害蟲—梨小食心蟲、桃小食心蟲、小綠葉蟬在兩個果園中的年發生總量存在一定差異，蘋果園桃小食心蟲年誘捕量為545.8頭/誘捕器，顯著高于桃園年誘捕量291.4頭/誘捕器;蘋果園小綠葉蟬年誘捕量為94頭/黃板，顯著低于桃園年誘捕量220頭/黃板; 兩種果園中梨小食心蟲年發生總量無顯著差異。蘋小卷葉蛾整體發生量不大。兩個果園中主要天敵昆蟲發生量差異較大，桃園中黑帶食蚜蠅和中華通草蛉年誘捕量分別為36.4頭/黃板和41.2頭/黃板，均顯著高于蘋果園年誘捕量2頭/黃板和4頭/黃板。通過調查兩種果園主要害蟲與天敵昆蟲的發生動態，為果園害蟲的可持續防控提供了科學依據。

??關鍵詞

蘋果園;桃園;害蟲;天敵昆蟲;發生動態

中圖分類號：

S436.6

文獻標識碼：A

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020647

Occurrence regularity of insect pests and natural enemies in apple orchard and peach orchard of Yantai， Shandong province

YANG Xuelin，QIAO Zheyan，ZHU Gaofeng，JIA Yujie，SUN Shengjie，LIU Xiaoxia*

（College of Plant Protection， China Agricultural University， Beijing100193， China）

Abstract

Yantai of Shandong province is an important producing area of apples and peaches in China. In this study， the occurrence dynamics of major insect pests， other common pests and natural enemy insects in orchards were investigated using sex pheromone traps and yellow sheets. The results showed that the main pests were Grapholita molesta， Carposina sasakii and Empoasca flavescens in apple orchard and peach orchard， and there was a certain difference in the total annual occurrence of the main pests. The annual trapping amount of C.sasakii in apple orchard was 545.8 individuals per trap， significantly higher than that in peach orchard （291.4 individuals per trap）. The annual trapping amount of E. flavescens in apple orchard was 94 individuals per yellow sheet， significantly lower than that of 220 individuals per yellow sheet in peach orchard， while there was no significant difference in the total occurrence of G.molesta between the two orchards. A little occurrence of Adoxophyes orana was found. There was a large difference in the occurrence of major natural enemy insects between the two orchards. The annual trapping amounts of Episyrphus balteatus and Chrysoperla sinica in peach orchards were 36.4 individuals per yellow sheet and 41.2 individuals per yellow sheet， respectively， significantly higher than those in apple orchards， two individuals per yellow sheet and four individuals yellow sheet. The investigation results of occurrence dynamics of main pests and natural enemy insects in two orchards provided scientific basis for the sustainable control of orchard pests.

Key words

apple orchard;peach orchard;insect pest;natural enemy insect;occurrence dynamic

煙臺市地處山東半島東部，瀕臨黃海和渤海，氣候宜人，年平均氣溫12℃，年平均降雨量約650 mm ，年光照時間2 680 h，具有生產優質農產品的氣候資源優勢[1]，盛產蘋果、桃、梨、櫻桃、杏、草莓等10多種水果，有“水果之鄉”的美名。其中，煙臺蘋果以栽培歷史悠久、品種多樣、產量高、品質好而馳名中外[2];桃作為山東省的第二大栽培水果，近年來在煙臺地區的種植面積不斷擴大[3]。……