兩種亞菊屬植物揮發油及主要成分對赤擬谷盜幼蟲的活性研究

安越 逯靖 王存存 侯志波 寧安琪 張繼 周峰 梁俊玉

摘要

本文旨在研究川甘亞菊和灌木亞菊揮發油及其主要成分（1，8桉葉油醇、樟腦、馬鞭草烯醇、冰片和桃金娘烯醇）對赤擬谷盜幼蟲的活性作用。采用水蒸氣蒸餾法提取揮發油并通過熏蒸、觸殺和驅避等測試方法評價兩種揮發油及其主要成分對赤擬谷盜幼蟲的生物活性。結果表明，川甘亞菊揮發油、灌木亞菊揮發油和1，8桉葉油醇均具有一定的熏蒸活性（LC50分別為94.60、81.17 mg/L和18.42 mg/L）和觸殺活性（LD50分別為216.93、100.50 μg/頭和52.69 μg/頭）。同時，在高測試濃度（78.63 nL/cm2和15.73 nL/cm2）時，分別處理2 h和4 h后川甘亞菊和灌木亞菊揮發油以及桃金娘烯醇對赤擬谷盜幼蟲均表現出較明顯的驅避活性，冰片驅避活性接近于陽性對照避蚊胺。因此，川甘亞菊和灌木亞菊揮發油對赤擬谷盜的幼蟲有一定的防治作用。

??關鍵詞

川甘亞菊;灌木亞菊;1，8桉葉油醇;冰片;赤擬谷盜;殺蟲活性;驅避活性

中圖分類號：

S482.39

文獻標識碼：A

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020675

Biological activity of the main components of the essential oils of two Ajania plant species against the larval stages of Tribolium castaneum

AN Yue，LU Jing，WANG Cuncun，HOU Zhibo，NING Anqi，ZHANG Ji，ZHOU Feng*，LIANG Junyu*

（College of Life Sciences， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou730070， China）

Abstract

This study examined the contact activity of the main components （1，8eucalyptol， camphor， verbenol， borneol and myrtenol） of the essential oils of two Ajania plant species against the larval stages of Tribolium castaneum. The essential oils were extracted by using the steam distillation method， which were tested for their fumigation， contact and repellent activities. The test results showed that the essential oils of Ajania potaninii and A.fruticulosa and 1，8cineole exhibited fumigation （LC50=94.60，81.17 and 18.42 mg/L） and contact （LD50=216.93，100.50 and 52.69 μg/adult） activities against T.castaneum larvae. At the tested concentrations of 78.63 and 15.73 nL/cm2， the essential oils from A.potaninii and A.fruticulosa， myrtenol and eucalyptol had significant repellent activities against T.castaneum larvae after 2 h and 4 h. Borneol showed a repellent activity similar to DEET. Our results suggested that the essential oils from A.potaninii and A.fruticulosa can potentially be developed as a natural insecticide for the control of T.castaneum larvae.

Key words

Ajania potaninii;Ajania fruticulosa;1，8cineole;borneol;Tribolium castaneum;insecticidal activity;repellent activity

赤擬谷盜Tribolium castaneum屬鞘翅目擬步甲科，是最常見的倉儲害蟲之一，不僅繁殖速度快，而且適應性強[1 2]，寄主有谷物、油料、食用菌、中藥材等，主要為害面粉，該蟲的臭腺可分泌臭液，使面粉發生霉變產生霉腥味，還可分泌苯醌等致癌物[3]，赤擬谷盜幼蟲可為害面粉、麩皮、米糠、禾谷類籽實等[4]，? 蛀食貯存期的煙葉和茶葉，且導致霉變，也可蛀入糧粒等貯藏物內取食從而造成一定的經濟損失[1]。目前，用于防治赤擬谷盜的方法主要是磷化氫熏蒸，但容易導致害蟲產生抗藥性，因此開發綠色環保的殺蟲劑成為迫切需求[5]。……