十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾與半閉彎尾姬蜂種群動態研究

張紅梅 王燕 尹艷瓊 劉瑩 趙雪晴 李向永 諶愛東 陳宗麒 陳福壽

摘要

2016年-2019年采用馬來氏網監測昆明晉寧區十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾與半閉彎尾姬蜂成蟲種群動態，結果表明：兩者發生趨勢基本一致，半閉彎尾姬蜂與小菜蛾具有跟隨現象。小菜蛾和半閉彎尾姬蜂成蟲全年有1～2個發生高峰期，半閉彎尾姬蜂成蟲出現峰值滯后小菜蛾成蟲峰值20～32 d。2016年-2019年半閉彎尾姬蜂發生高峰期分別在7月12日-8月30日、7月2日-8月21日、6月30日-8月31日、5月20日-6月10日，夏秋季寄生率明顯高于冬春季，7月15日-10月30日半閉彎尾姬蜂寄生率在42.00%～87.21%，春季至夏初田間半閉彎尾姬蜂數量和寄生率較低，夏秋季是人工田間釋放半閉彎尾姬蜂的最佳時期，研究結果為半閉彎尾姬蜂田間保護應用提供依據。

??關鍵詞

十字花科蔬菜;小菜蛾;半閉彎尾姬蜂;種群動態

中圖分類號：

S436.349

文獻標識碼：A

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020683

Population dynamics of Plutella xylostella and Diadegma semiclausum adults on cruciferous vegetables

ZHANG Hongmei#，WANG Yan#，YIN Yanqiong，LIU Ying，ZHAO Xueqing，LI Xiangyong，CHEN Aidong，CHEN Zongqi，CHEN Fushou*

（Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Resources， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory

for Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests in Yunnan Province， Kunming650205， China）

Abstract

From 2016 to 2019， the population dynamics of Plutella xylostella and Diadegma semiclausum adults on cruciferous vegetables were monitored using the Malay net in Jinning district of Kunming. The results showed that the occurrence tendency of D.semiclausum and P.xylostella adults was basically the same， but with an accompanying effect. There were 1 2 peak periods for P.xylostella and D.semiclausum adults throughout the year. The peak of D.semiclausum adults was delayed by 20 to 32 days compared to P. xylostella. From 2016 to 2019， the peaks of D.semiclausum were from July 12 to August 30， from July 2 to August 21， from June 30 to August 31， and from May 20 to June 10， respectively. The parasitism rates of D.semiclausum in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in winter and spring. The parasitism rates from July 15 to October 30 were 42.00% 87.21%. From spring to early summer， the number and parasitism rate of D.semiclausum were low， and summer and autumn are thus the best period for releasing D.semiclausum in the fields. This provides a basis for the field protection and application of D.semiclausum.

Key words

cruciferous vegetables;Plutella xylostella;Diadegma semiclausum;population dynamics

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella （Linnaeus）屬于鱗翅目Lepidoptera菜蛾科Plutellidae，是一種世界性的十字花科蔬菜毀滅性害蟲[1]，長期以來大量使用化學農藥，導致小菜蛾抗藥性增強，防治難度大，農田生態環境污染嚴重，安全受到影響，發展綠色蔬菜產品勢在必行，采用生物防治是現代農業害蟲可持續發展的重要措施。

半閉彎尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum Hellen隸屬膜翅目Hymenoptera姬蜂總科Ichneumonoidea姬蜂科Ichneumonidae，起源于歐洲，是小菜蛾幼蟲期一種重要的內寄生蜂，對小菜蛾種群發生發展和為害起到明顯的控制效果[2]。云南是我國重要的商品蔬菜主產區，也是我國重要的冬春反季外銷蔬菜生產基地。蔬菜已成為農業農……