生物降解地膜對黃土旱塬玉米產量及水分利用效率的影響

摘要：研究黃土旱塬不同厚度生物降解地膜對作物產量和水分利用效率的影響，為黃土旱塬區生物降解地膜應用提供參考依據。采用0.006、0.008、0.010 mm 3種厚度的生物降解地膜，以裸地為對照，測定不同處理土壤水分、植株性狀、產量和水分利用效率等指標。結果表明，生物降解地膜厚度減薄會顯著降低地膜對水分的保蓄能力，覆膜后150 d，0.006 mm生物降解地膜單株葉面積小于裸地，0.008、0.010 mm生物降解地膜單株葉面積較裸地分別增加20.2%、22.2%。覆膜后120 d，0.006、0.008 mm生物降解地膜葉片SPAD值與裸地沒有明顯差異，0.010 mm生物降解地膜葉片SPAD值較裸地增加4.2%。生物降解地膜厚度對春玉米產量和水分利用效率有顯著影響，生物降解地膜越厚，春玉米產量和水分利用效率越高，但0.008、0.010 mm生物降解地膜在產量和水分利用效率上沒有顯著差異。

關鍵詞：生物降解地膜；厚度；春玉米；產量；水分利用效率；黃土旱塬

中圖分類號：S513" " " " " " "文獻標志碼：A" " " " " " "文章編號：2097-2172（2022）01-0062-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2022.01.012

Effects of Biodegradable Mulching Films on Maize Yield and

Water Use Efficiency in the Loess Plateau

WANG Lei 1， FAN Tinglu 3， ZHAO Gang 1， 2， DANG Yi 1， 2， XU Jing 4， WANG Wenjun 5， LI Shangzhong 1， 2， ZHANG Jianjun 1， 2

（1. Dryland Agriculture Institute， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Water Resourcesin Dry Farming Region， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 3. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 4. College of Chemistry and Material Science， Shandong Agricultural University， Tai' an Shandong 271018， China; 5. Zhejiang University， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310027， China）

Abstract： To investigate the effects of biodegradable mulching films with different thickness on crop yield and water use efficiency（WUE）， and to provide reference for the application of biodegradable mulching film in the Loess Plateau. Soil moisture， plant traits， yield and water use efficiency were measured with three different thicknesses of biodegradable plastic film（0.006 mm， 0.008 mm and 0.010 mm） used and bare ground as the control. The results showed that the thinning of biodegradable plastic film could significantly reduce the water retention capacity of plastic film. After 150 days of mulching， the leaf area per plant of 0.006 mm biodegradable mulching film was less than that of bare ground， the leaf area per plant of 0.008 mm and 0.010 mm biodegradable mulching film was 20.2% and 22.2% higher than that of bareground， respectively. When mulching with plastic film for 120 days， the SPAD values of leavesin 0.006 mm and 0.008 mm biodegradable plastic film mulching were not significantly different from that of bare ground， and the SPAD value of leaves in 0.010 mm biodegradable plastic film mulching was increased by 4.2% compared with the control. The thickness of biodegradable mulch had a significant effect on maize yield and water use efficiency. The thicker the biodegradable mulch， the higher the maize yield and water use efficiency， but there was no significant difference between 0.008 mm and 0.010 mm biodegradable mulch in yield and water use efficiency.

Key words： Biodegradable mulching film;Thickness;Spring maize;Yield; Wateruse efficiency; Loess Plateau

收稿日期：2022 - 10 - 17

基金項目：國家重點研發計劃（2021YFD1900700、2016YFB0302402、2021YFD1100500）；甘肅省重大專項（21ZD4NA022）；國家現代農業產業技術體系（CARS-02-55）；甘肅省農業科學院重點研發計劃項目（2022GAAS38）。

作者簡介：王" "磊（1982 — ），男，甘肅高臺人，副研究員，主要從事作物抗逆綠色栽培及水分高效利用研究工作。Email：qyzlwl@163.com。