語法填空原創練習

周堯

（一）

Scientists have looked at both human comfort and the cost-benefit analysis of using fans and air conditioning（AC）and discovered ways to stay cool and still? ? ?61? ? （significant）reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

According to the International Energy Agency， air conditioning and electric fans account for a? ? ?62? ? （five）of global electricity consumption. Scientists found that by combining fans and AC， its possible? ? ?63? ? （keep）human comfort indoors while reducing reliance on AC. If it was used in Australia， the yearly emissions and cost could? ? ?64? ? （cut）by 70 percent.

The model they created to compare energy use and emissions employed five? ? ?65? ? （programme）. One used just air conditioning， and? ? ?66? ? ?other four had fans at different speeds and the use of AC only when the temperature? ? ?67? ? ?（get）too high. By modeling temperature data for the whole Australia， they found the one with the fastest fan? ? ?68? ? ?（produce）airspeed flows of 1.2 meters per second had a reduction of 76 percent in energy usage.

Co-author Professor Ollie Jay said，“By increasing air movement with fans， you can feel the same at a higher temperature? ? ?69? ? you will do at a lower temperature using AC. This is ? ?70? ? ?most people can do to reduce the emissions in Australia.”

（二）

Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines， so many people died in the second year of the pandemic in the U.S. that the nations life expectancy（平均期望壽命） ? ?61? ? （drop）for a second year in a row last year， according to a new analysis.

The analysis found U.S. life expectancy fell by under a half a year in 2021， ? ?62? ? （add）to a dramatic decrease in life expectancy that occurred in 2020.“The finding that we had a horrible loss of life in 2021 that? ? ? 63? ? （actual）drove the life expectancy even lower? ? ? 64? ? （be）very disturbing，”says Dr.Steven Woolf， a professor of population health at Virginia Commonwealth University.

The? ? ? 65? ? （motivate）for this study was to determine whether the fall in life expectancy? ? ? 66? ? （document）in 2020 improved or rebounded（反彈）in 2021 or whether there was a continued decline.“Unfortunately， we didnt find good news，” Woolf told NPR in? ? ?67? ? interview.

The deaths that occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of vaccination，? ? ?68? ? was a huge factor， but also being in places that didnt observe ? ?69? ? （policy）like masking and social distancing. Woolf says，“We spend a fortune? ? ?70? ? ?medical care and were a high-income country. We should be able to do far better.”

（三）

Earth Day is April 22. Every year， people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment. They carry out all kinds of? ? ?61? ? （activity）in an effort to better the planets health.

One way to support this goal ? ?62? ?（be）to grow native plants. For many birds and insects， plant pollen（花粉）is their food. Birds and insects often cannot recognize non-native plants? ? ?63? ? ?food. This means they dont collect the pollen or spread plants seeds.

Doug Tallamy， ? ?64? ? professor of entomology（昆蟲學）at the University of Delaware， found that non-native plants can harm the ? ?65? ? （nature）food chain， leading to breakdown of the environment.“Plant choice matters，”he said.“The plants we choose should ? ?66? ? （determine）by how much life can live there.”

Humans depend? ? ?67? ? ?（strong）on insects. Without them， we would have no flowering plants， ? ?68? ? ?would harm the food web that supports important animals. Birds， for example， depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while? ? ?69? ? ? ?（keep）the populations of harmful insects down.

In addition to providing food and habitat for birds and insects， native plants are able? ? ?70? ? （survive）easily and dont require much care.

（四）

Three Chinese astronauts of the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship have completed their six-month space station mission and returned to Earth? ? ?61? ? （safe）.

Shenzhou-13s return capsule， ? ?62? ? carried astronauts Zhai Zhigang， Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu， landed at the Dongfeng site in Inner Mongolia at 9：56 am on April 16th. When the return capsule? ? ?63? ? （touch）down successfully， the ground search team had arrived at the site， and the medical team confirmed that the astronauts were? ? ?64? ? good health.

During the mission， all the extravehicular（艙外的）activities? ? ?65? ? （perform）twice. The crew members carried out? ? ?66? ? ?number of scientific and technological experiments. They tested vital technologies for the construction and operation of the space station? ? ?67? ? ?（support）long-term stays， the recycling and life-support system， supply of space? ? ?68? ? （material）， extravehicular activities and operations， and in-orbit maintenance（保持）. The crew members also delivered two live classes from the space station and conducted a series of activities? ? ?69? ? （include）science popularization.

“The mission is a complete success. It marks China has completed the test of key technologies of ? ?70? ? （it）space station， and also sets a record for Chinese astronauts stay in orbit，”said the China Manned Space Agency.

（五）

George Gordon Byron was considered as one of the greatest English Romantic? ? ?61? ? ?（poet）. Byron was born on 22 January 1788 in London.? ? ?62? ? （short）before Byrons birth， his grandfather on his mothers side got into heavy debts and passed away accidentally， ? ?63? ? ?forced his mother to sell the land to pay off her fathers debts. At the same time， his father abandoned（拋棄）his mother， so her mother moved with him to Scotland， where they lived in near ? ?64? ? ?（poor）.

Byron? ? ?65? ? ?（educate）at Aberdeen Grammar School， Harrow， in London， and Trinity College， Cambridge. Byron began writing poetry as a teenager， ? ? 66? ? （complete）his first volume（卷）at the age of 14. In 1812， the publication of the first two pieces of his epic poem（敘事詩）， Childe Harolds Pilgrimage， was ? ?67? ? great success. From 1816 to 1823 Byron lived in Italy. Through this time Byron continued to write poetry and focused much of his attention ? ?68? ? Don Juan.

In 1823 Byron moved to Greece. The following year， on 19 April， Byron ? ?69? ?（die）of fever. However， his poetry remains among the best ? ?70? ? （love）poetry in the English language.

（六）

Several months ago I purchased airline tickets to go home and surprise my mother for Thanksgiving. I wanted? ? ?61? ? （celebrate）her birthday and spend time with family for a couple of weeks. But? ? ?62? ? ?（unfortunate）， Mom became ill and passed away. Instead of going home for Thanksgiving， I went to say goodbye.

This is when its tough to look for the good in life. However， I ? ?63? ? （choose）to be grateful even if my heart was broken. The joy of going home for the holidays? ? ?64? ? （replace）with loving memories of being at the dinner table and ? ?65? ? ?（watch）Mom blow out birthday candles. I refused to let ? ?66? ? （expected）circumstances silence gratitude. I didnt let sadness get in the way of the joy? ? ?67? ? accompanies gratitude. I was thankful for Mom and how she showed me the way of a faith-filled life. I was grateful for the people who sent sympathy ? ?68? ? （card）， who called and prayed for me. Giving them thanks helped me see my troubles in a new light.

Thoughts of gratitude will shift our perspective ? ?69? ? ?darkness to light. If you are in difficulties today， I pray that， little by little， you can find thanks for the big and small things within and around you， no matter? ? ?70? ? is happening.

參考答案與解析

（一）

來源：

https：//www.iflscience.com/environment/whats-better-for-the-environment-a-fan-or-air-con/

【要點綜述】本文是一篇說明文。科學家通過實驗發現，綜合使用電扇和空調制冷能減少溫室氣體的排放。

61. significantly【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞，故填significantly。

62. fifth【解析】考查數詞。分數的分母用序數詞，故填fifth。

63. to keep【解析】考查動詞不定式。“it”作形式主語，不定式作真正的主語，故填to keep。

64. be cut【解析】考查被動語態。主語emissions and cost和“cut”之間是被動關系，且位于情態動詞之后，故填be cut。

65. programmes【解析】考查名詞復數。由“five”可知，要填復數形式，故填programmes。

66. the【解析】考查定冠詞。特指5種方案中其余的4種，故填the。

67. got【解析】考查一般過去時。根據句中其他動詞的時態可知，要用一般過去時，故填got。

68. producing【解析】考查現在分詞作定語。“the fastest fan”和“produce”之間是主動關系，要用現在分詞作定語，故填producing。

69. as【解析】考查連詞。“the same as...”意思是“和……一樣”，故填as。

70. what【解析】考查表語從句。表語從句連接詞在表語從句中作“do”的賓語，指物，故填what。

（二）

來源：

https：//www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/04/07/1091398

423/u-s-life-expectancy-falls-for-2nd-year-in-a-row

【要點綜述】本文是一篇說明文。分析發現，由于沒有接種疫苗和嚴格遵守防控措施，疫情之后美國人的平均期望壽命連續兩年下降。

61. dropped【解析】考查一般過去時。由“last year”可知，要用一般過去時，故填dropped。dropped for a second year in a row意為連續第二年下降。

62. adding【解析】考查現在分詞作結果狀語。主句內容和“add to...”之間是主動關系，要用現在分詞作狀語，故填adding。

63. actually【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語drove，故填actually。

64. is【解析】考查主謂一致。主語部分中心詞是“The finding”，且陳述事實，要用一般現在時，故填is。

65. motivation【解析】考查詞性轉換。由“The”可知，要填名詞，故填motivation。

66. documented【解析】考查過去分詞作定語。“the fall in life expectancy”和“document”之間是被動關系，且動作已經發生，要用過去分詞作定語，故填documented。

67. an【解析】考查冠詞。“interview”是以元音音素開頭的單數名詞，故填an。

68. which【解析】考查定語從句。先行項是“a lack of vaccination”，關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故填關系代詞which。

69. policies【解析】考查名詞復數。由like后面的masking and social distancing可知，要填名詞復數，故填policies。

70. on【解析】考查介詞。“spend...on......”意思是“把……花在……”，是固定搭配，故填on。

（三）

來源：

https：//www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/plant-native-plants-to-support-local-environment-wildlife-88838.html

【要點綜述】本文是一篇說明文。在每年的地球日這天，人們開展各種各樣的活動來保護地球，其中種植當地植物有利于保護當地環境。

61. activities【解析】考查名詞復數。由“all kinds of”可知，要填名詞復數，故填activities。

62. is【解析】考查主謂一致。主語是“One way to support this goal”，且陳述事實，故填is。

63. as【解析】考查介詞。“recognize...as...”意思是“把……視作……”，故填as。

64. a【解析】考查冠詞。表示“一個”，故填a。

65. natural【解析】考查詞性轉換。形容詞修飾名詞短語food chain，故填natural。

66. be determined【解析】考查被動語態。主語“The plants”和“determine”之間是被動關系，要用被動語態，故填be determined。

67. strongly【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語depend，故填strongly。

68. which【解析】考查定語從句。先行項是主句，關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故填which。

69. keeping【解析】考查現在分詞作狀語。“Birds”和“keep”之間是主動關系，要用現在分詞作狀語，故填keeping。

70. to survive【解析】考查動詞不定式。“be able to do sth.”意思是“能夠做某事”，故填to survive。

（四）

來源：https：//www.shine.cn/news/nation/2204164466/

【要點綜述】本文是一篇新聞報道。介紹了“神州十三號”飛船三名宇航員平安歸來，以及此次太空飛行所執行的任務。

61. safely【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語returned，故填safely。

62. which【解析】考查定語從句。先行項是“Shenzhou-13s return capsule”，關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故填關系代詞which。

63. touched【解析】考查一般過去時。動作已經發生，要用一般過去時，故填touched。

64. in【解析】考查介詞。“in good health”是固定短語，意思是“身體狀況好”，故填in。

65. were performed【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態。主語和“perform”之間是被動關系，且動作已經發生，要用一般過去時的被動語態，故填were performed。

66. a【解析】考查冠詞。“a number of...”意思是“許多……”，故填a。

67. to support【解析】考查動詞不定式。作目的狀語，要用動詞不定式，故填to support。

68. materials【解析】考查名詞復數。結合語境可知，表達復數含義，故填materials。

69. including【解析】考查現在分詞。“a series of activities”和“include”之間是主動關系，要用現在分詞，故填including。

70. its【解析】考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞，要填形容詞，故填its。

（五）

來源：https：//www.publicpeople.org/who-is-lord-byron.htm

【要點綜述】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹了英國浪漫主義詩人喬治·戈登·拜倫的家庭情況、教育背景和創作歷程。

61. poets【解析】考查名詞復數。“one of...”修飾可數名詞復數，故填poets。

62. Shortly【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾介詞短語，故填Shortly。

63. which【解析】考查定語從句。先行項是主句，關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故填關系代詞which。

64. poverty【解析】考查詞性轉換。in near poverty一貧如洗，故填poverty。

65. was educated【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態。主語和“educate”之間是被動關系，且動作已經發生，要用一般過去時的被動語態，故填was educated。

66. completing【解析】考查現在分詞作狀語。主語“Byron”和“complete”之間是主動關系，要用現在分詞作狀語，故填completing。

67. a【解析】考查冠詞。此處“success”意思是“一件成功的事”，是可數名詞，故填a。

68. on【解析】考查介詞。“focus attention on......”意思是“集中精力于……”，是固定搭配，故填on。

69. died【解析】考查一般過去時。由時間狀語可知，要用一般過去時，故填died。

70. loved【解析】考查過去分詞作定語。“poetry”和“love”之間是被動關系，要用過去分詞作定語，故填loved。

（六）

來源：https：//www.guideposts.org/better-living/life-advice/coping-with-grief/how-gratitude- can-help-you-move-on-from-heartbreak

【要點綜述】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在母親病逝的時候，通過感恩幫助自己走出悲傷的故事。

61. to celebrate【解析】考查動詞不定式。“want”后接動詞不定式作賓語，故填to celebrate。

62. unfortunately【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾句子，故填unfortunately。

63. chose【解析】考查一般過去時。講述過去的事要用一般過去時，故填chose。

64. was replaced【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態。動作已經發生，且主語和“replace”之間是被動關系，要用一般過去時的被動語態，故填was replaced。

65. watching【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據and前面的being可知要填watching。

66. unexpected【解析】考查詞性轉換。結合前后句意可知，要填“expected”的反義詞，故填unexpected。

67. that/which【解析】考查定語從句。先行項是“the joy”，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。

68. cards【解析】考查名詞復數。此處表達復數概念，故填cards。

69. from【解析】考查介詞。“shift from...to...”意思是“從……轉換到……”，是固定搭配，故填from。

70. what【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意為：如果你現在處于困境，不管發生什么事，我都希望你能漸漸地感恩你自身和周圍的大小事。讓步狀語從句缺主語，故填what。

責任編輯 吳昊雷