現(xiàn)在完成時考點例析

李建高

一、考查其構(gòu)成：“助動詞have （has） + 動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：

1. Kates never seen Chinese films，______？

A. hasnt she??? ??? B. has she???????? ??????????? C. isnt she???????? ? D. is she

析：反意疑問句中陳述句部分含否定詞never，簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。

2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. （改為否定句）

His uncle______ posted the photos to him______.

析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt; yet。

3. —Anna has gone to Shanghai.

—So______ her parents.

A. has?????????????? B. had????????? ??????????? C. did??????????? ? D. have

析：“so + 助動詞 / 系動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語形式保持一致，又后句的主語her parents是復(fù)數(shù)，故選D。

二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞。

1. 當(dāng)句中有never、ever、just、already、yet、before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：

（1）—Mom， may I go out and play basketball？

—______you______ your homework yet？

A. Do; finish ???? B. Are; finishing ????????? C. Did; finish???????????? D. Have; finished

（2）—______you______ anywhere before？

—Yes， but I cant remember where I______.

A. Did; surf; surfed?????????????????????????? B. Have; surfed; surfed

C. Did; surf; have surfed??????????????????? D. Have; surfed; have surfed

析：據(jù)yet和before可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故（1）題選D，（2）題選D。

2. 當(dāng)句中有“for + 時間段”或“since + 時間點”時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，而謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，一定要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞（短語）。如：

（1）His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______ he came to Yunnan.

A. after???????????? ?????? B. before??????????? C. since???????????? ?????? D. for

析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，這里要用since引導(dǎo)的從句，故選C。

（2）Tom______ the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent???????? ?????? B. has borrowed?? ?????? C. has bought????? ?????? D. has had

析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表“時間段”的短語連用，故選D。

（3）I______ a letter from him since he left.

A. didnt receive? B. havent got?????????? C. didnt have?????????? D. havent heard

析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，hear from sb. = receive / get / have a letter from sb. 意為“收到某人的來信”，故選B。

三、考查have / has been （to， in） / have / has gone （to）的區(qū)別。如：

1. —Have you ever______ Xian to see the Terra Cotta Warriors？

—Yes， I have.

A. went to????????? ??????? B. gone to???????? ?????? C. been in?????????? ?????? D. been to

析：依據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項意為“去某地了”，C項意為“一直待在某地”，D項意為“去過某地”，符合題意，故選D。

2. My parents______ Qingdao for ten years.

A. have been in? ??????? B. have been to? ?????? C. have gone to?? ?????? D. have been

析：本題句中有“for + 段時間”結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項意為“去過某地”，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選A。

四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時與其他時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：

1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years. （單句改錯）

________________________________________

析：非延續(xù)性動詞與“時間段”連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型“Its + 時間段 + since + 從句”進行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故此題答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. / Suns aunt went there ten years ago. / Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.

2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years. （改為同義句）

______more than ten years______ Susan______ to this city.

析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時，故填I(lǐng)ts; since; came。

【鏈接】英語的行為動詞有延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞之分

1. 延續(xù)性動詞：表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。

常見的有study、play、do、read、learn、drive、write、clean、sleep、speak、talk、wait、fly、stay、sit、stand、lie、keep等。

2. 非延續(xù)性動詞：表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫，亦稱短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞或終止性動詞。

常見的有begin、start、finish、go、come、leave、find、get up、arrive、reach、get to、enter、hear、stop、open、close、become、buy、borrow、lend、happen、join、lose、renew、die、take away、put up、set out、put on、get on / off等。

非延續(xù)性動詞在完成時中如果要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：

（1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)难永m(xù)性動詞來替換。如：

He has been in the army for three years. 他參軍已有3年了。（不用has joined）

She has been up for quite some time. 她起床已有好久了。（不用has got up）

Has your brother been away from home for a long time？

你的哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？（不用has left）

常用非延續(xù)性動詞相對應(yīng)延續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：

go—be away????????????????????????????? come—be here

come back—be back???????????????????????? leave—be away （be not here）

buy—have?????????????????????????????????????? borrow—keep

die—be dead?????????????????????????????????? begin—be on

finish—be over???????????????????????????????? open—be open

close—be closed?????????????????????????????? lose—be lost

get to know—know?????????????????????????? turn on—be on

get up—be up????????????????????????????????? sit down—be seated

join—be in （...）或be a ... member?? ??? become—be

（2）用it is ... since ... 結(jié)構(gòu)來替換非延續(xù)性動詞。如：

電影已經(jīng)開映5分鐘了。（兩種方法）

①The film has been on for five minutes.

②Its five minutes since the film began.

他離開上海已有3天了。（兩種方法）

①He has been away from Shanghai for three days.

②It is three days since he left Shanghai.