老吾老以及人之老

羅麗雯

2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀C篇，選取英國倫敦養老院關愛老人的研究項目的語篇。文章內容大致可以分為三個部分，包含了實施該項目的目的（1-2段），實施該項目的好處（3-5段），該項目在全國的實施情況及負責人的看法（6-8段）。

考查的具體題目如下：

The elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善組織）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia， a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.

“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities， and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East， and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson， extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street， one of the first to embark on the project， said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis， director of Notting Hill Pathways， said：“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”

28. What is the purpose of the project？

A. To ensure harmony in care homes.

B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research.

D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier？

A. She has learned new life skills.

B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory.

D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph 7？

A. Improve.? B. Oppose.? C. Begin.? D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs？

A. It is well received.? ?B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.

分析

第28題，為細節考查題，考查了項目的目的，從第二段第一句“The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善組織）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing.”可知，當地慈善組織是為了減少老年人的孤獨感和提升他們的福祉，同義轉換為D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.

第29題，為細節考查題，考查該項目對Ruth Xavier的影響（該項目的好處），從第5段Ruth Xavier所說的話“Its good to have a different focus. ... Im enjoying the creative activities， and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知，她在養雞的過程中，感覺到自己做了有用的事，同義轉換為B. She has gained a sense of achievement.（有成就感）

第30題，問劃線詞embark on的意思，根據所在句子 one of the first to embark on the project，said，“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions...”（其中一位首次……該項目的人，認為這個項目受到居民的歡迎），排除選項B. Oppose（反對），再利用“We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”項目經理希望該項目能給老人家帶來好處和歡樂，確定答案為C. Begin（開啟，開創），而不是A. Improve（改善）或D. Evaluate.（評估）

第31題，推理題，從最后兩段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. ...”可知該項目很受歡迎，答案為A. It is well received.

通過在養老院開創養雞項目，讓老年人轉移焦點，減少孤獨感的同時，又獲得成就感，這體現了對老年人的人文關懷。無獨有偶，2017年全國Ⅲ卷中的閱讀D篇，Newcastle University的研究團隊，致力于研究老年司機所面臨的問題，并研發適合老年人駕駛的汽車。

文章內容大致可以分為三部分，首先也是點出該研究項目的目的（1-2段），接著說明能獨立駕駛對老年的好處（3-4段），最后是研發人員對項目前景的期待（5-8段）。所考查的具體題目如下：

The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB”in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people， leading to them becoming more isolated（隔絕）and inactive.

Led by Professor Phil Blythe， the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation（導航）tools， night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains：“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”

Dr Amy Guo， the leading researcher on the older driver study， explains，“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.

“For example， most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly， we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解決方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”

32. What is the purpose of the Drive LAB？

A. To explore new means of transport.

B. To design new types of cars.

C. To find out older driver`s problems.

D. To teach people traffic rules.

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？

A. It keeps them independent.

B. It helps them save time.

C. It builds up their strength.

D. It cures their mental illnesses.

34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？

A. Improve their driving skills.

B. Develop driver-assist technologies.

C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.

D. Organize regular physical checkups.

35. What is the best title for the text？

A. A new Model Electric Car

B. A Solution to Traffic Problem

C. Driving Service for elders

D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

分析

第32題，細節理解題，本題問Drive LAB的目的，由第一段的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.”（了解老年司機所面臨的挑戰和找出他們主要壓力）可知答案為C. To find out older drivers problems.

第33題，細節理解題，本題問根據 Phil Blythe的看法，為何開車對老年人來說很重要。由第4段Phil Blythe explains： “For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”，（對大多數老年人來說，開車能保持他們的獨立，使他們能自由出行，而不用依賴其他人）可知，答案為A. It keeps them independent.

第34題，細節理解題，本題問研究者希望為老年司機做什么，由最后一段“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解決方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”（希望能利用技術，確保老年司機開車時保持安全），可知答案為B. Develop driver-assist technologies.

第35題，主旨大意題，尋找最佳標題。文章是關于The Intelligent Transport team為老年人成立研究項目，講述了研發目的、項目的好處——讓老年人能獨立駕駛，自由出行，保持他們的獨立，對他們的身、心健康都有好處，可知答案為D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

小結

1. 兩篇文章大致都可以分為三個部分，即：做該項目/研究的目的、好處，負責人的看法。而每部分的大意正是出題的切入點;

2. 從題目設置來看，兩篇都考查了項目的目的，而答案都在前兩段，答案點以“to do”不定式的形式出現。另外，都考查了實施該項目對老年人的好處：或是為了減少孤獨，獲得成就感，或是讓他們保持獨立，兩者都是對老年人福祉的關注;

3. 相似卻也有不同之處，都考查項目負責人的看法。2022年考查的是由負責人的話語中推斷出人們對項目的態度，2017年考查的是負責人對項目未來的期待;

4. 兩篇文章都體現了關注老年人：關心他們的身心健康，讓老年人有尊嚴地生活，這些都是對老人家的人文關懷。只有當我們每個人都有“溫度”，我們的社會才能更有“厚度”，才會更和諧。

責任編輯 蔣小青