把握主謂一致“三原則”，提升解題的效率

楊文龍

主謂一致，顧名思義，就是句子主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。它是不少同學(xué)的知識薄弱點(diǎn)之一。事實(shí)上，要想學(xué)好主謂一致，必須把握好如下“三原則”。

原則之一：語法一致

語法一致，是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與句子主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。即：若句子主語是單數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之，若句子主語是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。具體體現(xiàn)在：

（1）當(dāng)each，every，no，many a修飾and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Every teacher and every student is invited to the cer-emony to be held tomorrow.每一位老師和每一位學(xué)生都被邀請參加明天舉行的典禮。

（2）當(dāng)“a number of/a group of/a variety of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“thenumber of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：①A large number of children survivedthe earthquake.不少孩子從地震中幸存了下來。②Thenumber of people who fail each year is in single figures.每年考試不及格的學(xué)生不足十人。

（3）若主語后面有together with，long with，aswell as，rather than等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由這些詞前面的主語決定。如：Look，Jack as well ashis brothers is playing basketball over there.看，杰克和他的兄弟們正在那邊打籃球。

原則之二：意義一致

意義一致，是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。

（1）當(dāng)maths，physics，news，politics等名詞作主語時(shí)，盡管形式是復(fù)數(shù)，但意義則是單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was like a thunder bolt out ofaclear sky.這消息猶如晴天霹靂。

（2）當(dāng)class，gioup，family，team，govemment，public，audience等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若指整體，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若指集體成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：①Her audience consists mainly of youngpeople。她的聽眾主要是年輕人。②The audience weredeeply impressed by the actors' wonderful performance.觀眾對演員們的精彩表演印象深刻。

（3）表示重量、距離、時(shí)間、錢數(shù)等復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作主語時(shí)，通常視為一個(gè)整體，所以后面的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：①Three months is short in one's life，but it is important to me.三個(gè)月的時(shí)間在人生中是很短暫的，但對我來說卻非常重要。②Several milliondollars has been spent on the project.這項(xiàng)工程已耗資數(shù)百萬美元。

原則之三：就近一致

就近一致原則，是指當(dāng)句子含有兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與它最臨近的主語保持一致。具體體現(xiàn)在：

（1）在there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由離它最近的主語決定。如：①There is a pen andsome paper on the desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和一些紙。②There are two apples and a bottle of milk in thebag.袋子里有兩個(gè)蘋果和一瓶牛奶;③Here are somebooks and a pencil-box for you.給我一些書和一個(gè)鉛筆盒。

（2）當(dāng)either_ or.，，，neither.….nor.…not

only…butalso..等連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決靠近它的那個(gè)主語。如：

①Either you orI am right.不是你對，就是我對。

②Neither his parents nor he is at home today.他父母和他今天都不在家.

③Not only you but also she has to attend the meet-ing.不僅你而且她都得參加這次會(huì)議。

【練一練】

①It is said that a number of people

joined theclub and the number of members

still increasing.

A. has;is B.has; are C.have;is D.have; are

②The football coach. as well as his team，____in-terviewed shortly after the match for their outstandingperformance.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

③Either you or one of your students—asked totake part in the first experiment tomorrow.

A. is B.are C.were D.have been

④Politics—by no means the only subject in whichhe is interested.

A. are B.is C.be D.have been

⑤Don't worry. There—enough water， vegetableand fruits in the fridge.

A.are B.is C.be D.have

【答案】①C;②D;③A;④B;⑤B

（作者單位：江蘇省鹽城市大豐區(qū)南陽中學(xué)）